基于蜻蜓膜翅结构的飞机加强框的仿生设计

由于机动性和能耗的要求,飞机设计过程当中轻量化设计是十分重要的。经过亿万年的进化,在承受自身重量及生长环境的载荷过程中,生物体获得了适应环境的最优结构。通过分析蜻蜓膜翅和飞机机身加强框的结构相似性,提取决定蜻蜓膜翅结构优良力学性能的结构特征,将其应用到飞机机身加强框的设计当中,并用有限元工具验证了结构的优化效果。在同样的承载条件下,仿生型结构的比刚度比原型结构提高了2%~6%,比强度提高了1%~8%。同时,仿生型结构的最大应力减小,而最小应力明显增大,因此其应力分布更加均匀,从而体现了仿生结构件材料的优化分布和最大效能。     

飞机全机悬空静力试验技术

新飞机研制必须经全机悬空静力试验验证其结构的强度是否满足强度规范和CCAR23适航条例要求。本文针对飞机全机悬空静力试验的技术方法和试验误差分析进行了简要介绍。     

纤维增强熔模铸造复合型壳的性能及断口形貌

为提高熔模铸造硅溶胶型壳的强度性能,采用天然植物/硅酸铝双纤维来增强熔模铸造型壳.将质量比为1:1天然植物/硅酸铝双纤维加入到制壳用涂料中来制备型壳试样,对不同纤维加入量条件下所获得的纤维增强型壳试样的常温强度、不同温度焙烧后的抗弯强度及高温自重变形量的变化规律进行了研究,并利用SEM观察型壳试样断口形貌.结果表明,当纤维加入量从0.2%逐渐增加到1.0%时,其常温抗弯强度先增加后减小;纤维加入量为0.6%时其常温抗弯强度值达到2.94 MPa.高温自重变形量则先减小后增大.加入0.6%纤维的增强型壳试样经900℃焙烧后,其抗弯强度达4.04 MPa,与未采用纤维增强的型壳试样的抗弯强度接近.断口形貌观察结果表明,纤维增强硅溶胶型壳试样受力破坏失效主要由于硅溶胶凝胶膜的断裂、硅酸铝纤维拔出、断裂及脱粘等综合作用所致.     

Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

基于飞/发一体化的Ma=8~10飞行器任务性能快速评估与分析

针对典型飞行马赫数Ma=8~10高超声速飞行器/超燃冲发动机一体化构型,建立了飞/发性能一体化模型,可以快速评估飞行器气动力、发动机性能和飞行任务性能。对比了在起始推重比为0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6下的飞行器飞行性能,以燃料消耗最小为目标,基于飞/发性能一体化模型,利用MATLAB优化工具箱中的序列二次规划（SQP）算法,得到了该飞行器的最优起始推重比为0.422。给出了Ma=8~10飞行器/发动机的概念方案总体参数,在载荷质量为1 000 kg下,飞行器总质量为5 943 kg,发动机推力为2 505 daN。该飞行器在攻角范围为4.1°~3.8°下总的飞行时间为489 s,飞行距离为1 360 km。     

水平井多裂纹同步扩展的偏折分析

水平井压裂技术是近几年油气工业发展起来的新技术,用于提高油气井的产量。然而在裂纹扩展的过程中,裂尖决定了裂纹的起裂与扩展方向,这会直接影响储层的压裂效果,所以人们对于这项技术还需要更进一步的认识。根据裂尖的应力场特性建立了裂尖权函数,能较准确地描述裂尖的应力状态,判断裂纹的扩展方向。在利用网格重剖分方法并结合最大主应力准则对水平井多裂纹扩展进行分析的基础上,通过裂尖权函数方法分析了水压裂纹在应力差、裂纹数目和裂纹间距等条件下产生偏折的原因。最终结果表明,裂纹在开裂时裂尖处x与y方向的等效应力变化不明显,裂纹的偏折主要与裂尖xy方向的等效应力有关。      

复杂载荷下偏心穿透裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法

提出了三维矩形平板内偏心穿透裂纹承受复杂非线性载荷下,仅含有3个系数的通用权函数。采用有限元法获得了三维矩形平板裂纹体模型下的3组参考应力强度因子,结合二元拉格朗日插值法获得了通用权函数系数。进行了自洽性验证以及裂纹面上承受简单3次、5次、7次、复杂幂函数应力分布和残余应力分布下通用权函数的验证。结果表明,通用权函数的自洽性误差在0.9%以内;裂纹面上承受复杂幂函数应力分布时,通用权函数法的误差在4.5%以内;裂纹面承受残余应力分布载荷时,通用权函数法的误差在8.5%以内。说明所提出的通用权函数具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程中高效、准确地计算偏心穿透裂纹承受任意复杂非线性载荷下的应力强度因子需求。      

基于模糊权重的轴承品质实现可靠性研究

以模糊数学理论为基础,提出了轴承品质影响因素权重确定的方法。对原始的轴承品质实现可靠性模型进行修正,提出了改进的轴承品质实现可靠性模型,并基于最大熵原理对轴承品质实现可靠性的真值及真值区间进行估计。以30306和30204圆锥滚子轴承为对象进行试验研究,发现原始的可靠性模型计算结果相对于试验结果的偏差为20%~35%,改进的可靠性模型计算结果相对与试验结果的偏差为12%~14%,偏差降低了8%~21%,可见改进的可靠性模型比原始的可靠性模型更准确。      

大容量空空冷绕线型异步电动机的设计

介绍了某磨机配套用空空冷绕线型异步电动机的电磁方案、通风散热结构,以及转子引线的结构。结合试验数据验证了电动机电磁方案、通风散热结构,以及转子引线结构设计的合理性。这为今后设计更大容量空空冷绕线型异步电动机提供了指导性的思路和重要的成功实践经验。     

Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft using combined estimation technique

Obtaining accurate development cost estimation results of general aviation aircraft is crucial for companies to adopt the best strategy in the development process. To address this problem, this paper proposes a combination of three commonly used single prediction methods. The optimal weight values of the three single prediction methods are determined by utilizing the shortest ideal point method. Ten cost datasets collected from literature are utilized for fitting and testing the combined prediction method, and the weight coefficients of the three individual prediction methods are calculated as 0.6859, 0.0035 and 0.3106, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the developed method has better fitting and estimation accuracy than that of the three individual methods, with average fitting and predicting error values of 2.60% and 6.43%, respectively. Additionally, the cost data of military and civil aircraft development from literature are collected for verification. The results further confirm that the proposed method is not only superior to the single prediction methods in terms of high precision but has wider applications. More importantly, this research can provide important reference for general aviation aircraft companies in term of product cost planning and corporate sales strategies.