航天器AIT中心空气霉菌特性研究

通过对中国3个地区的航天器AIT厂房内空气中霉菌进行采集,利用培养法得到纯化菌株53株,通过ITS测序鉴定分属8个属,进一步对这些霉菌的特性进行研究,发现青霉属和曲霉属内不同菌株间的菌落径向生长速率差异较大,研究同时显示不同种属霉菌对消毒剂PHMB的敏感性差异非常大,这些差异将加剧微生物防护与控制的难度。     

低成本多小天体并行交会技术

小天体资源开发方兴未艾,为降低开发风险和成本,需要发射无人探测器交会观测多个待选目标小天体。传统多目标探测方案存在无法多次交会、成本高,周期长等不足。提出的低成本多小天体并行交会技术,能够对多小天体探测任务进行解耦,实现基于微纳飞行器的低成本多目标并行交会勘查,从而降低探测成本,缩短探测周期。该技术结合行星借力与不变流形机制构建了低能量星际转移方案。然后引入扰动流形思想,使微纳飞行器能够实现与目标小天体的快速交会。进一步,提出了一种多目标小天体探测全局搜索方法,该方法基于在日地halo轨道上停泊的微纳飞行器集群,逐次确定小天体探测目标,并利用上述方法完成了多微纳飞行器与多小天体的交会。数值仿真结果表明,该方案能够大幅度降低转移过程的燃料消耗,并缩短转移时间。     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

从日地系统L2出发借力月球飞越近地小行星

对于停留在日地系统L2的“嫦娥2号”探测器,其后续飞行方案有多个选项,例如主动撞月或重返月球轨道、返回地球轨道或再入大气、飞往地月系统L1/L2或日地系统L1、进入深空飞越近地小行星(最终,“嫦娥2号”于2012年12月13日成功地实现了对Toutatis小行星的近距离飞越)。探讨上述的飞行方案需要对飞行轨道进行初步设计,总的速度脉冲限制在100 m/s以内并且需要考虑探测器同时受到太阳、地球、月球的引力作用。本研究设计了探测器从日地系统L2出发借力月球实现Toutatis小行星飞越的飞行方案,与直接飞越方案相比,借力月球可以进一步节省探测器的燃料消耗,其等效速度脉冲设计值为58.47 m/s。     

航空后续备件周转比例计算

首先根据航空后续备件消耗的特点,将后续备件分为四类:有寿件、可修件、消耗件和低耗件;对于前三类分别建立了计算模型,对于低耗件,提出了专家估算方法。经实际验证,本文提供的方法可以达到满意的结果。     

CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数序列的谱分析

给出了利用能量守恒方法求定CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数的基本原理和算法．对2001年8月-2003年12月共约两年半的CHAMP卫星加速度计数据进行了标校,导出了尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数的时间序列,分别采用最小二乘谱分析和抗差谱分析对这些时间序列进行了分析．结果表明,尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数都有明显的周期变化,但各主周期项略有差异．尺度的主周期是441d、220d、126d和13．4d的周期变化,其中220d和441d的周期变化的贡献相对较大．偏差中有明显的220d、126d和13．4d周期变化,各周期变化的贡献几乎相当;偏差漂移的主周期是220d、13．4d和9d的周期变化,其中13．4d的周期变化最为显著,几乎比其他周期项变化高出一个数量级．另外尺度和偏差参数还有明显的长期变化,而偏差漂移参数的长期变化不明显．     

联合截获威胁下的雷达射频隐身目标搜索算法

针对基于射频(RF)隐身需求的机载雷达目标搜索问题进行了研究。通过分析实际作战中射频辐射面临的截获威胁,提出了一种基于联合截获威胁的射频隐身性能表征方法,并给出了具体的值估算方法;对机载雷达搜索任务中辐射参数的优化问题进行了建模,并采用优化算法对目标函数进行求解。通过分析典型情景下解集的分布特点,给出了从最优解集中选取最终解的方法。结果表明,提出的射频隐身性能表征方法能更好地反映截获实现过程的多域需求,提出的雷达搜索方法能够在保证探测性能的同时,提高射频隐身性能和搜索速度,能够为相控阵雷达搜索任务中参数的优化控制提供方法和依据。     

基于三迭代与二阶锥规划的机载MIMO雷达稳健降维STAP方法

针对机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达空时自适应处理(STAP)中期望目标导向矢量的失配问题,提出一种基于三迭代(TRIA)与二阶锥规划(SOCP)的稳健降维MIMO-STAP方法。首先将MIMO-STAP权矢量分解为发射、接收、多普勒3个低维权矢量的Kronecker积,然后分别限定实际发射、接收、多普勒导向矢量与假定导向矢量之间的误差范数边界,通过优化最差性能,利用SOCP对各个低维权矢量进行三迭代求解,最后进行权矢量合成。该方法在保证机载MIMO雷达获取稳健STAP性能的同时,通过三迭代降维处理,能够有效降低训练样本数需求与运算复杂度,因此更具有实际应用价值。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的STAP算法

对非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的机载雷达空时自适应处理(SDS-STAP)算法进行了研究。针对现有单个数据集类空时自适应算法存在的问题,提出了一种基于对待测数据集进行空时二维滑窗处理的二维幅度相位估计(2D-APES)算法。该算法利用回波的统计信息,不仅放宽了算法处理器对于雷达系统阵元数与脉冲数选取的约束,而且能够有效抑制杂波及待测单元内的干扰,同时降低了处理器的计算复杂度。最后,仿真数据及实测数据实验验证了所提算法的正确性与有效性。