某型飞机后减速板抗振动损伤设计分析

某型飞机后减速板在部队使用中 ,由于振动损伤原因 ,多次出现减速板梁断裂、蒙皮裂纹等故障 ,经分析 ,确定了能抗振动疲劳的打孔加型材结构改进方案 ,并经实际飞行测试取得了满意效果。本文是对后减速板的抗振动损伤设计思想和方法进行简要介绍 ,为类似问题的处理提供借鉴。     

高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀实验方法研究 (Ⅱ)收缩管聚集法

发展了一种能开展高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀研究的模拟实验方法——收缩管聚集法，研制了收缩管聚集高过载模拟烧蚀实验装置。对实验装置及固体火箭发动机过载条件下的三维两相内流场开展了对比数值模拟，结果表明这种实验装置产生的高浓度粒子流与40g纵横向过载条件下发动机内形成的高浓度粒子流状态很接近，说明这种实验方法是可以模拟高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀环境的。利用这套实验装置开展了高浓度粒子流冲刷条件下绝热层烧蚀实验，对6种绝热材料开展的烧蚀实验表明：所有试件表面均被冲蚀出一个凹坑，说明粒子冲刷对绝热层烧蚀影响很大。凹坑最大烧蚀部位与数值模拟得到的粒子浓度最大部位基本吻合。     

弹射救生用人体数学模型

 利用人体弹射试验数据建立起人体动力学特性的数学模型(简称人体数学模型)。模型的动态响应特性分析可以解决一些与弹射有关的人体工程学问题。根据人体的最大动态超调,结合椎骨强度可确定人体耐受弹射加速度的限度。从防护角度出发,分析座垫对人体受力的影响和人体响应的时相特点而要求座垫厚度必需很薄。还提出改善弹射动力和确定测试系统性能指标的依据。将模型用于弹射实践可以减少人体试验,对人体安全和研制生产都极其有利。     

大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统研究

针对视觉导航系统对小型化、超分辨成像和近程立体视觉的需求,研究了一种基于微端面光纤面板的大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统。利用视轴发散的微小型透镜组进行大视场成像,并以切削斜端面的光纤面板进行图像传输,将大面阵(5120×5120像素)CMOS相机与光纤面板后端面直接耦合实现图像输出,可实现9个视场部分重叠子孔径图像同步实时输出和采集。在实时化拼接处理中,利用CUDA并行加速方法进行图像拼接,单帧的拼接耗时小于30ms。视场部分重叠复眼成像模式还可配置偏振片或滤光片构成全偏振或多光谱成像,在天空偏振光导航、无人机紧急避障、弹载侦察、近程引信以及水下无人潜航器导航等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Imaging diagnostics of solar non-thermal particles

Non-thermal hard X-ray, gamma-ray and radio emission are the most direct signatures of the presence of energetic particles in the solar atmosphere. This paper lays emphasis on hard X-ray and radio imaging data, obtained during and outside flares, which reveal the sites where particles interact with the ambient medium. These observations, which provide more or less direct information on the topology and dynamics of the magnetic structures in which particles are accelerated and propagate, are discussed in the framework of the statistical flare scenario.     

磁重联区Alfven波及新生离子的加速

利用二维混合数值模拟研究了有速度驱动、低等离子体β值情况下的磁场重联过程，结果表明磁重联过程可以产生Alfven波，该Alfven波动对重新区中的新生离子作用，使得新生离子经历投掷角散射方程，具有球壳分布特征，部分新生离子得到加速，其获得的最大能量约为4（miVA0^2/2)，此加速过程所需的加速时间在100／Ωi量级，是一个极快的加速机制，加速粒子能谱为双幂律谱。     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

The Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Density Variations on the Particle Energy Spectra in a Reconnecting 3D Current Sheet

Electron and proton acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field is further investigated in a non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (RCS) with a variable plasma density. The tangential B _z and transverse magnetic field components B _x are assumed to vary with the distances x and z from the X nullpoint linearly and exponentially, respectively; the longitudinal component (a ‘guiding field’) is accepted constant. Particles are found to gain a bulk of their energy in a thin region close to the X nullpoint where the RCS density increases with z exponentially with the index λ and the tangential magnetic field B _x also increases with z exponentially with the index α. For the RCS with a constant density (λ = 0), the variations of the tangential magnetic field lead to particle power-law energy spectra with the spectral indices γ₁ being dependent on the exponent α as: for protons and for electrons in a strong guiding field (β > 10⁻²) and for electrons in a moderate or weak guiding field (β > 10⁻⁴). For the RCS with an exponential density increase in the vicinity of the X nullpoint (λ≥ 0) there is a further increase of the resulting spectral indices γ that depends on the density exponent index λ as for protons and for electrons in weaker guiding fields and as for electrons in stronger guiding fields. These dependencies can explain a wide variety (1.5–10) of particle spectral indices observed in solar flares by the variations of a magnetic field topology and physical conditions in a reconnecting region. This can be used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the RCS dynamics from the accelerated particle spectra found from hard X-ray and microwave emission.     

基于Weibull分布的疲劳加速腐蚀因子分析

考虑预腐蚀对飞机结构疲劳寿命的影响,建立了疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布的 加速腐蚀因子确定方法.假设预腐蚀疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布,特征寿命随时间呈指数规 律变化,推导得到了以疲劳寿命为腐蚀量的加速腐蚀因子表达式,以及在工程常用的时间范 围内加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论;进行了相关参数估计,建立了加速腐蚀 因子的估计方法,得到了加速腐蚀因子估计量的近似分布,对其进行了统计分析.      

插补前S加减速在CNC前瞻中的应用

计算机数字控制系统(CNC)中的速度前瞻处理可以在不影响插补轨迹精度的前提下极大地提高插补效率.针对前瞻算法中速度处理这一核心问题,分直线转接和圆弧转接2种情况分别建立了插补几何元素转接矢量夹角模型,并给出了一种基于插补前S型加减速的CNC速度前瞻算法.该算法根据设定的最大前瞻段数以及实际插补轨迹的几何特性,能够自适应确定轨迹的转接速度近似最优解,从而实现路径段之间进给速度的高速衔接.S型加减速由于在加速阶段和减速阶段均引入了加速度衰减,使得整个插补过程具有了高度的柔性.因此结合前瞻算法和S型加减速算法在高速加工时速度处理的优势,提出并实现了一种基于插补前S型加减速的CNC前瞻算法.该算法已经在工程实际中得到了验证.