典型喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能的实验研究

为了掌握固体火箭发动机典型喷管喉衬材料的抗过载烧蚀性能,通过地面旋转模拟过载实验系统,开展了20g和30g高横向过载下的三种喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能研究。结果表明,在高横向过载下喷管喉衬会出现偏烧蚀现象,即过载区域喉部烧蚀厚度远大于非过载区域;与非过载区域相比,过载区域喉部烧蚀率显著增大,且过载区域喉部烧蚀率随着横向过载的增加而显著增大,20g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到12.43倍,30g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到20.53倍;在高横向过载下,轴编C/C抗过载烧蚀性能最好,无纬布针刺C/C次之,高强石墨最弱。在高过载和非过载下,喉衬材料的烧蚀性能优劣将发生根本变化,在过载下固体发动机喷管设计过程中应该予以重视。     

民用飞机机身段适坠性数值仿真分析

在飞机紧急迫降过程中,首先要保证碰撞后乘客在客舱区域有足够的逃生空间,其次基于结构强度和撞击持续时间,要确保传递给乘客的加速度和冲击载荷必须降低到人体损伤容限以下。对飞机机身部分结构进行了有限元建模,模拟了其从4.27 m的高度开始坠落,产生9.14 m/s的垂直冲击速度,整个分析过程使用ABAQUS/Explicit计算完成。对机身碰撞后的整体变形展开研究,如机身选定位置的加速度时间历程以及关键结构部件的能量吸收历程,最后确定机身隔框对冲击过程中的能量吸收起着最重要的作用,其次为蒙皮和客舱地板梁。在机身结构的右侧(本文的方向为飞行员视角,与读者看到的方向左右相反)有货舱门和门框,由于机身结构的不对称性,造成左右两侧的速度和加速度不一致。     

基于角加速度估计的非线性增量动态逆控制及试飞

针对非线性增量动态逆（INDI）控制方法运用到飞行试验时需要进行状态量导数（角加速度）的实时估计并且存在延迟等问题进行了研究,并给出了工程应用上的实际解决方案。对试飞无人机（UAV）平台进行了动力学建模,利用非线性增量动态逆控制方法和控制器分层设计方法设计了无人机姿态控制系统。采用卡尔曼滤波器设计了角加速度估计器为控制律提供角加速度实时反馈。通过基于模型的控制系统设计方法将控制律实现,并进行实际试飞试验。结果表明：该控制方法工程上可实现,具备良好的鲁棒性和指令跟踪能力。     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

Dissipative Solitary Kinetic Alfvén Waves and Electron Acceleration in the Solar Corona

Nonthermal electrons play a major role during solar flares since not only they contain a large amount of the released energy but also they provide important information of the flaring physics through their nonthermal radiation in radio and hard X-ray bands. In a recent work Wu (Phys. Plasmas 10 (2003) 1364) proposed that dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén wave (DSKAW) with a local shock-like structure could provide an efficient acceleration mechanism for energetic electrons in a low-β plasma. In the present paper dynamical characteristics of the DSKAW acceleration mechanism in solar coronal plasmas are studied and its application to the acceleration of flaring electrons is discussed.     

谐振式微机械惯性传感器

对几种典型的谐振式加速度微传感器和微陀螺的结构、工作原理等方面进行了概述，分析了各自的应用特点。从中反映出谐振式微惯性传感器具有优良的特性，必有广阔的应用和发展前景。     

仿真转台周期性干扰抑制的研究

提出采用加速度反馈方案,在无需加大系统带宽的情况下提高系统的动态刚度,从而提高了系统对周期性干扰的抑制能力。仿真结果表明,与传统PID控制相比,采用加速度反馈确实能够较好地抑制系统中的周期性干扰。     

一种新型的角加速度传感器

对一种新型角加速度传感器的工作原理和一些关键技术进行了阐述和分析。     

Particle Acceleration in a Three-Dimensional Model of Reconnecting Coronal Magnetic Fields

Particle acceleration in large-scale turbulent coronal magnetic fields is considered. Using test particle calculations, it is shown that both cellular automata and three dimensional MHD models lead to the production of relativistic particles on sub-second timescales with power law distribution functions. In distinction with the monolithic current sheet models for solar flares, particles gain energy by multiple interactions with many current sheets. Difficulties that need to be addressed, such as feedback between particle acceleration and MHD, are discussed.     

某型航空发动机加速性故障分析

某型发动机台架试车检查加速性时,出现加速时间过长故障。通过故障定位、机理分析和排除,得出该型发动机排气温度限制系统异常,对发动机加速性有一定影响。该故障案例为排除发动机加速性故障提供了一种新思路。