High-resolution simulation for rotorcraft aerodynamics in hovering and vertical descending flight using a hybrid method

A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model (VTM). An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities (far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state) are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost.     

Numerical investigation on flow field characteristics of dual synthetic cold/hot jets using POD and DMD methods

In order to improve the control ability of synthetic jets in compressible boundary layer, a novel control method based on dual synthetic cold/hot jets coupled control of velocity profile and temperature profile was proposed. As fundamental investigations on the effects of synthetic jet temperature on the jet behavior and flow field characteristics were essentially necessary, preliminary numerical simulations were conducted to study the influence of temperature (200 K and 400 K) on the flow field characteristics of synthetic jets using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) model. Time-averaged flow fields showed that different temperatures led to variable behavior of two strands of jets. For dual synthetic cold jets, a potential-core arose apparently with its height ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 m, while for dual synthetic hot jets, two strands of jets emerged downstream. The modal decomposition of instantaneous flow fields had been done using both Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). Various modes showed different characteristics of the flow fields. As the POD method focuses on the energy of flow while the DMD method focuses on the frequency, the first two modes had many similarities, but the third and fourth modes demonstrated completely different vortex structures. The current researches play a role of preliminary investigations for further and comprehensive exploration of novel flow control measures in global velocity field.     

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

自由剪切层速度比对大尺度相干结构的影响

 自由剪切层的速度比对层中大尺度相干结构空间发展有重要影响。本文采用数值模拟方法对其进行了探讨,所得结果与稳定性理论结果及实验数据符合较好。     

三角形埋入式涡流发生器几何参数对其涡的影响

试验研究了三角形埋入式涡流发生器几何参数对其涡各参数的影响，发展了半片式三角形埋入式涡流发生器。试验中采用小型五孔探针获得涡流发生器后不同轴向截面处的速度矢量图，用高斯涡核模型及非线性拟牛顿最小二乘法拟合涡量、涡核半径、涡心高度等参数，分析了这些参数沿程变化趋势。     

一种新的链接归并排序算法

将链接技术引入归并排序 ,提出了一种以链接技术和归并算法为基础的新排序算法—链接归并排序算法 (以下简称为“链接归并排序”) ,给出了该排序算法的描述、时间复杂度分析及用C语言编写程序进行算法比较的实验结果 .算法分析和实验结果都表明 :链接归并排序方法和待排序数据分布无关 ,其时间复杂度仅为O(N ) ;而且在处理大规模“汇总”一类排序问题时 ,链接归并排序速度明显优于FlashSort、ProportionSplitSort、2 -路重复的K路归并排序和直接K路归并排序等算法。     

模型固体火箭发动机内涡脱落过程的大涡模拟

为研究后向台阶结构引起的涡脱落对固体火箭发动机内流动稳定性的影响，采用大涡模拟技术，对模型发动机内的流动进行了数值模拟，获取了发动机燃烧室内压强随时间的变化曲线及其振荡频率，并和已有的计算结果及实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明采用LES方法的计算结果明显优于采用k-ε湍流模型的计算结果；不考虑燃烧时模型发动机内由涡脱落引起的压强振荡的振幅较小，但频率较高，且随来流速度的增加而增大；在后向台阶这种结构中，涡一般会在台阶的边沿形成，并在其下游周期性地脱落；在保证y^＋较小的情况下，网格大小对计算结果的影响不明显。     

Effect of boundary conditions on downstream vorticity from counter-rotating swirlers

Particle image velocimetry(PIV) is utilized to measure the non-reacting flow field in a reflow combustor with multiple and single swirlers. The velocity field, vortex structure and total vorticity levels are experimentally obtained using two different boundary conditions, representing a single confined swirler and multiple swirlers in an annular combustor. The influence of the boundary conditions on the flow field at several locations downstream of the swirlers is experimentally investigated, showing that the central vortex in the multi-swirler case is more concentrated than in the single-swirler case. The vorticity of the central vortex and average cross-sectional vorticity are relatively low at the swirler outlet in both cases. Both of these statistics gradually increase to the maximum values near 20 mm downstream of the swirler outlet, and subsequently decrease. It is also found that the central vortex in the multi-swirler case is consistently greater than the single-swirler case. These results demonstrate the critical influence of boundary conditions on flow characteristic of swirling flow, providing insight into the difference of the experiments on testbed combustor and the full-scale annular combustors.     

领域本体的自动维护研究

针对领域本体维护的重要性与合并本体存在的异构本体及不一致性错误等问题,提出了一种基于本体合并的领域本体自动维护方法,对相关实现过程作了详细介绍,重点给出了概念的相似性匹配算法.该算法通过计算概念的定义、实例、属性、关系及推理的相似度,得到了本体中概念之间的相似度.本文还探讨了本体不一致性的错误,分析了概念间的上下位关系、非通用关系及相关特性的不一致,并给出了解决方案.实验结果表明,该方法具有一定的实用性和可靠性,能够得到较正确的领域本体的维护结果,并能够解决相关不一致的错误.     

固体火箭发动机涡声耦合特性数值研究

为了揭示固体火箭发动机内涡/声耦合机理,以VKI实验发动机为基础,使用大涡模拟方法,对不同温度下障碍物旋涡脱落诱发的振荡流场开展数值研究,获得了燃烧室内速度分布以及压力振荡的频率和幅值,并和实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,旋涡脱落频率与某阶声振频率相等不是涡/声耦合的必要条件;速度幅值对旋涡脱落频率的影响是主要的;平均马赫数对旋涡脱落频率的影响不大,对压力振幅的影响显著。