Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.     

基于双单片机结构的电子凸轮控制器的实现

本文介绍了一种适合两种旋转编码器、两开关量动作8路输出的电子式凸轮开关的设计方案.该控制器根据机械凸轮原理设计,以双单片结构为控制中心,对从旋转编码器输入其中的脉冲或编码进行数据采集和处理,将处理结果以开关电平的方式输出.该控制器可作为独立通用的控制单元与其它可编程控制器组合使用,使应用系统的开发工作量显著降低,适用于具有循环往复、顺序动作特点的机电一体化设备中.     

A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

Transient simulation of regression rate on thrust regulation process in hybrid rocket motor

The main goal of this paper is to study the characteristics of regression rate of solid grain during thrust regulation process. For this purpose, an unsteady numerical model of regression rate is established. Gas–solid coupling is considered between the solid grain surface and combustion gas.Dynamic mesh is used to simulate the regression process of the solid fuel surface. Based on this model, numerical simulations on a H2O2/HTPB(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) hybrid motor have been performed in the flow control process. The simulation results show that under the step change of the oxidizer mass flow rate condition, the regression rate cannot reach a stable value instantly because the flow field requires a short time period to adjust. The regression rate increases with the linear gain of oxidizer mass flow rate, and has a higher slope than the relative inlet function of oxidizer flow rate. A shorter regulation time can cause a higher regression rate during regulation process. The results also show that transient calculation can better simulate the instantaneous regression rate in the operation process.     

航天器姿态预设性能控制方法综述

针对存在不确定惯量矩阵及其它未知不确定性(如执行器故障、航天器结构发生突变等)下的航天器姿态控制问题，综述了预设性能控制及其应用的研究进展。首先阐释了预设性能控制方法的基本内涵及其关键步骤；然后分析总结了现有航天器姿态控制以及预设性能控制研究的基本概况与发展趋势；最后面向未来复杂化、智能化的空间任务对航天器控制系统提出的新需求，提出航天器预设性能控制值得研究的问题和方向。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度场分布CARS测量

针对超燃冲压发动机研究中对燃烧室出口温度场的测量需求以及暂冲式超燃冲压发动机燃烧台架试验中的应用难点,开发了适用于瞬态燃烧场温度测量的单脉冲相干反斯托克斯拉曼反射（CARS）系统及CARS光谱计算和温度反演软件CARSCF。采用USED相位匹配方式来降低湍流影响,结合多尺度小波分析方法来实现CARS光谱降噪处理,提高信噪比。在暂冲式脉冲燃烧风洞上开展了来流马赫数2.6条件下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度测量试验,获取了超声速来流（冷态）建立、H₂点火加热空气、建立超声速燃烧流场直至试验结束过程中的燃烧室出口温度,以及煤油/空气燃烧时燃烧室出口温度场分布。结果显示,超声速冷流时温度处于低温（约205K）状态,随着H₂点火加热来流空气,来流温度上升至853K;随着煤油/Air点火,温度急剧上升,稳定燃烧状态下燃烧流场温度为1970K±144K。燃烧室出口截面温度场分布测量结果显示,高温区位于燃烧室出口截面上侧区域,而燃烧室出口截面上中间区域的温度低于上下两侧。燃烧室出口温度分布CARS测量结果与火焰自发光成像结果一致,表明单脉冲CARS技术用于瞬态燃烧流场温度测量的可行性。     

应用FFT高精度快速计算瞬态响应

为了提高瞬态响应的计算速度和精度,构造了基于快速傅立叶变换的响应计算格式,并研究了这种格式的本质。理论分析和数值仿真表明：ａ所提的计算格式能够提高速度８ 倍;ｂ基于抛物线型求积公式的算法精度最高;ｃ只要频域采样点数 Ｍ 超过时域采样点数２ 倍,计算精度就与 Ｍ无关。     

流量调节器管路系统自激振荡特性研究

流量调节器管路系统在小流量大压降工况下会出现低频自激振荡现象。为了深入认识自激振荡产生机理,结合某稳流型流量调节器及管路系统,基于流量调节器弹簧振子动力学模型开展数值仿真研究。数值仿真得出自激振荡频率为94Hz,与发动机试验结果一致。分析了流量调节器结构参数对系统稳定性的影响作用,三角形滑阀节流口能够抑制管路系统自激振荡。自激振荡产生机理是液动力随滑阀节流口型面振荡,并对管路系统形成正反馈作用,当流量调节器综合刚度系数<0时,管路系统就失稳产生振荡。某流量调节器的负载特性试验表明,随着流量调节器压降升高,管路系统稳定性变差。仿真获得的幅频特性,稳定边界与试验结果一致。     

流量调节器管路系统自激振荡特性研究（液体火箭推进专刊）

流量调节器管路系统在小流量大压降工况下会出现低频自激振荡现象,为了深入认识自激振荡产生机理,结合某型自稳流型流量调节器及管路系统,基于流量调节器弹簧振子动力学模型开展数值仿真研究。数值仿真得出自激振荡频率为94 Hz,与发动机试验结果一致。自激振荡产生机理是流量调节器的液动力受滑阀窗口型面变化率影响对系统形成正反馈作用,流量调节器综合刚度小于零时系统失稳。分析了流量调节器结构参数对系统稳定性的影响作用,三角形滑阀节流口流通面积能够抑制管路系统自激振荡。结合某型流量调节器负载特性试验系统进行验证,得出随着流量调节器压降升高,管路系统稳定性变差,获得的幅频特性,稳定边界与试验结果一致。     

热色液晶标定和使用的影响因素

在全面地分析热色液晶测量方法的基础上,实验研究了热色液晶标定和使用的主要影响因素.保持频闪和相机的相对位置以及两者距拍摄窗口的距离一致,在同一色调值下,拍摄方式(无/有拍摄窗口)、有机玻璃拍摄窗厚度、热力方向(加热/冷却)和热色液晶老化分别产生最大约0.5℃,0.2℃,0.26℃和1.2℃的温度差异.转静间隙不影响热色液晶的显色特性.温度与色调的关系主要与频闪仪的发光介质有关.