一种整体式天然气压缩机气阀故障诊断技术研究CSCD

整体式天然气压缩机在石油化工领域广泛应用,压缩机的正常工作对安全生产具有重要意义。为了有效诊断整体式压缩机气阀部件的故障,采用了Daubechies小波基函数对ZTY470型整体式天然气压缩机气阀振动信号的分解重构原理,详细介绍了以振动信号的能量为故障特征的故障诊断过程。对气阀阀片断裂和弹簧断裂的故障振动信号进行了小波包分析,并与正常工作时的信号进行了对比。实验表明该方法能准确的进行故障诊断和故障定位,证明了对整体式天然气压缩机气阀故障诊断的有效性。     

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究现状

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术是改进和提高运载火箭、航天器可靠性与安全性的核心技术之一,对其进行研究具有重要的学术价值和工程应用价值。液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的研究主要包括液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法、液体火箭发动机健康监控系统两方面。该文介绍了基于模型驱动的方法、基于数据驱动的方法和基于人工智能的方法,阐明了液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法的研究现状,通过对美国液体火箭发动机典型健康监控系统的介绍,阐明了液体火箭发动机健康监控系统研究的若干进展及现状,并对液体火箭推进系统健康监控技术的演变趋势作了简要评述。     

Multi-mode diagnosis of a gas turbine engine using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy system

Gas Turbine Engines (GTEs) are vastly used for generation of mechanical power in a wide range of applications from airplane propulsion systems to stationary power plants. The gas-path components of a GTE are exposed to harsh operating and ambient conditions, leading to several degradation mechanisms. Because GTE components are mostly inaccessible for direct measurements and their degradation levels must be inferred from the measurements of accessible parameters, it is a challenge to acquire reliable information on the degradation conditions of the parts in different fault modes. In this work, a data-driven fault detection and degradation estimation scheme is developed for GTE diagnostics based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). To verify the performance and accuracy of the developed diagnostic framework on GTE data, an ensemble of measurable gas path parameters has been generated by a high-fidelity GTE model under (a) diverse ambient conditions and control settings, (b) every possible combination of degradation symptoms, and (c) a broad range of signal to noise ratios. The results prove the competency of the developed framework in fault diagnostics and reveal the sensitivity of diagnostic results to measurement noise for different degradation symptoms.     

基于小波变换和支持向量机的开关电流电路故障诊断新方法

针对开关电流(Switched current,SI)电路的故障诊断和定位问题，为进一步提高故障诊断准 确率，提出了基于小波变换和粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization，PSO)支持向量机 (Support vector machine，SVM)的开关电流电路故障诊断新方法。该方法首先对节点电流 信号进行蒙特卡罗分析，然后通过小波分解计算分形维数，再利用核主元分析（Kernel pri ncipal component analysis，KPCA）降低特征值维数，实现最优故障特征的提取。最后通 过PSO SVM完成对各种故障模式的分类。对六阶切比雪夫低通滤波器进行了仿真实验验证， 获取了较高的故障诊断准确率，与其他方法进行比较，实验结果显示了本文方法的优越性。     

基于一致性融合和神经网络的航空发动机气路系统故障诊断方法

以信息融合为基础,运用GRNN神经网络对航空发动机气路系统进行故障诊断,提出了一种基于一致性融合和神经网络相结合的故障诊断方法。试验结果表明,该方法能快速识别航空发动机气路系统故障,并且对其他机械设备的故障诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

深度自编码观测器飞机操纵面快速故障诊断

为了避免扩展多模型自适应估计故障诊断方法中的雅克比矩阵计算,解决飞机精确模型难以获得的问题,降低在线故障诊断的计算量,提出了一种基于深度自编码观测器的飞机操纵面快速故障诊断方法.基于离线训练、在线估计的思想,采用量测的飞行数据训练得到不同故障下的飞机模型,代替扩展多模型自适应估计方法的卡尔曼滤波器进行状态估计;基于基础自编码器的隐层节点数选取经验公式,推导了两种深度自编码器的隐层节点数选取的递推公式.仿真结果表明,该方法无需精确的飞机模型,故障诊断速度快、精度高.     

结合不确定度的发动机模型辨识气路诊断

针对航空发动机气路诊断中测量参数个数小于待诊断参数个数的不适定问题,利用了发动机平衡技术,结合非线性的发动机数学模型,并综合考虑了测量参数的不确定度和理论模型部件性能的不确定度,建立了一种结合不确定度的发动机气路故障诊断辨识算法——变分加权最小二乘法,并将该算法应用于某发动机的诊断分析中.结果表明:运用该方法可分析出测量数据和模型计算数据之间的差别,同时,利用所得的故障参数修正量修正原发动机数学模型,使模型计算推力与试验测量推力最大偏差由8.25%减小到1.66%,耗油率最大偏差由6.25%减小到1.50%.      

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of a helicopter planetary gear train for carrier plate crack fault diagnosis

Planetary gear train plays a significant role in a helicopter operation and its health is of great importance for the flight safety of the helicopter. This paper investigates the effects of a planet carrier plate crack on the dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train, and thus finds an effec-tive method to diagnose crack fault. A dynamic model is developed to analyze the torsional vibra-tion of a planetary gear train with a cracked planet carrier plate. The model takes into consideration nonlinear factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness, gear backlash and viscous damping. Investigation of the deformation of the cracked carrier plate under static stress is performed in order to simulate the dynamic effects of the planet carrier crack on the angular displacement of car-rier posts. Validation shows good accuracy of the developed dynamic model in predicting dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train. Fault features extracted from predictions of the model reveal the correspondence between vibration characteristic and the conditions (length and position) of a planet carrier crack clearly.     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

基于综合模糊聚类算法的液体火箭发动机故障诊断

基于液体火箭发动机正常及故障状况数据的完备程度和数据质量的不断提高,提出一种基于数据驱动的综合模糊聚类算法用于故障诊断。采用模糊c均值(FCM)算法对已知正常样本数据进行聚类得到最优的聚类中心,将所得到的聚类中心作为先验样本数据用于传递闭包法最优分类结果的选择从而得到故障检测结果,该算法只需要少量的正常先验样本数据就能快速、准确的检测出故障;随后采用FCM算法进行故障分类,可以根据现有的故障数据库进行聚类得到对应的故障类型,并且可以给出故障幅值范围。模型仿真结果表明:该算法对故障的检测率可达968%,故障隔离率达到94%。某型液体火箭发动机实际试车数据结果表明:该故障诊断算法能够准确及时的检测并隔离出故障。