Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

计算大型实对称特征问题的 Lanczos-QR 算法

为了计算大型实对称特征值问题Ｋｘ＝λＭｘ的少数低阶特征值对，本文给出Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ－ＱＲ迭代方法。首先，给定初始迭代向量ｖ１，作ｍ步Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解：ＫＶｍ＝ＭＶｍＴｍ＋ｈｍｅｍＴ。取Ｔｍ的ｄ个最大特征值为移位量，对Ｔｍ进行ｄ步带原点位移的ＱＲ分解。然后，修改初始迭代向量ｖ１。迭代地重新开始这一过程，迫使初始迭代向量ｖ１进入需求的特征子空间，从而使残量‖Ｋｘ－θＭｘ‖→０。数值例子表明，该方法收敛性强，且稳定、有效。     

论英语教学中的语感培养策略与方法

随着英语教学改革的深入,语感在教学中越来越受到关注,以至成为英语教学研究的一个新焦点。通过对学生英语学习现状进行分析,提出培养学生英语语感的策略与方法。     

基于大学生形体训练必要性的探究

在现代社会中，追求人体的外在美与内在美的统一与和谐已成为人们对美的认识与评判的一个基准。对即将踏出大学校门走上工作岗位的大学生们来讲，拥有健康的体魄、健美的体型、良好的姿态以及高雅的气质和风度是他们求职、适应社会竞争、获得发展所必需具备的条件。笔者通过调查发现，当代大学生在体型、体态、仪表等方面存在着许多问题，因此，高校有必要开设形体训练课，对学生针对性地进行训练。     

Optimization of entry-vehicle shapes during conceptual design

During the conceptual design of a re-entry vehicle, the vehicle shape and geometry can be varied and its impact on performance can be evaluated. In this study, the shape optimization of two classes of vehicles has been studied: a capsule and a winged vehicle. Their aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed using local-inclination methods, automatically selected per vehicle segment. Entry trajectories down to Mach 3 were calculated assuming trimmed conditions. For the winged vehicle, which has both a body flap and elevons, a guidance algorithm to track a reference heat-rate was used. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the shape using objectives related to mass, volume and range. The optimizations show a large variation in vehicle performance over the explored parameter space. Areas of very strong non-linearity are observed in the direct neighborhood of the two-dimensional Pareto fronts. This indicates the need for robust exploration of the influence of vehicle shapes on system performance during engineering trade-offs, which are performed during conceptual design. A number of important aspects of the influence of vehicle behavior on the Pareto fronts are observed and discussed. There is a nearly complete convergence to narrow-wing solutions for the winged vehicle. Also, it is found that imposing pitch-stability for the winged vehicle at all angles of attack results in vehicle shapes which require upward control surface deflections during the majority of the entry.     

项目教学法在《电视机原理与维修》中的应用

通过项目教学法，对《电视机原理与维修》这门课程进行课程改革，在改革中强调课程的理实结合，重点培养学生的基本技能，使学生具备一定的电路原理图分析能力和电路故障分析与排除能力。     

现代远程教育的媒体素材构建方法

本文阐述了媒体素材的采集及处理方法 ,对现代远程教育工程建设可提供有效的帮助     

曲线物面边界条件在DGM中的应用研究

基于二维非结构网格,采用高精度间断Galerkin有限元方法数值求解定常Euler方程。为了有效克服传统的反射物面边界条件在物面处易于生成伪熵降低计算精度的缺陷,提出一种曲线物面边界条件,从而实现对物理模型而不是数值模型进行数值模拟。对经典圆柱亚音速无粘绕流进行数值模拟,结果表明:采用曲线物面边界条件之后,流场解的精度得到很好的提高;此外,在非常稀疏的网格上,通过提高基函数的阶次仍可以得到高精度的数值解。     

民用飞机颤振试飞技术研究

为了能够顺利完成ARJ21-700飞机颤振试飞,研究民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的依据与要求,提出民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的测试方法、试飞方法、激励方法和数据处理方法;结合ARJ21-700飞机合格审定试飞进行试飞验证,给出该型飞机颤振特性试飞的符合性验证结果。结果表明:该套方法适合民用运输类飞机合格审定颤振试飞。     

复合材料缠绕接头几种受力状态的解析分析

针对复合材料缠绕接头,利用Airy 应力函数,推导出与其相关的缠绕圆筒受内外压力的应力解析表达式,进而对缠绕圆拱形梁受弯矩以及受均匀拉伸载荷、不同材质复合材料多层缠绕圆筒承受内外压力的应力分析方法进行了研究。文中讨论了接头内圆弧处应力集中系数随外/内径比值和环向/径向弹性模量比值的增加情况,并对复合材料缠绕接头的两种增强方法,即施加预应力或混杂材质缠绕进行了探讨