电传系统设计研究

研究了纵向电传系统前向指令回路非线性校正、过载指令的设计和综合、C*反馈回路的设计、调参规律的选取、校正网络特征、闭环系统稳定性、闭环系统相位补偿以及放宽静安定度补偿方法等,并对伺服弹性回路和人-机耦合回路的综合设计进行了研讨。     

电传操纵系统设计中遇到的突出问题和对策

本文通过简要的理论分析及试验研究对电传纵向控制律设计中出现的一些实际问题,例如反馈形式、混合比、主增益、校正环节和滤波器等的选择;排除剩余振荡;对飞行品质的影响等做了较为充分有益的探讨.这对电传系统设计和改善飞行品质有参考作用.     

机动襟翼对纵向PIO的影响

机动襟翼在我国是一项刚被采用的新技术，而驾驶员诱发振荡是严重威胁飞行安全并一直困扰航空界的一大难题，主要通过对机动襟翼调节规律的分析，建立包括机动襟翼在向的人－机闭环系统数学模型，从而计算了分析机动襟翼对纵向驾驶员诱发振荡的影响，并以某机为例，对该机机动襟翼整个工作范围内的各飞行状态，有无机动襟翼两种情况下的ＰＩＯ进行了仿真计算。结果表明，机动襟翼设计合理，对ＰＩＯ影响不大。     

利用气动弹性的柔性振翼模型建立及分析(英文)

Making use of modal characteristics of the natural vibration of flexible structure to design the oscillating wing aircraft is proposed. A series of equations concerning the oscillating wing of flexible structures are derived. The kinetic equation for aerodynamic force coupled with elastic movement is set up, and relevant formulae are derived. The unsteady aerodynamic one in that formulae is revised. The design principle, design process and range of application of such oscillating wing analytical method are elaborated. A flexible structural oscillating wing model is set up, and relevant time response analysis and frequency response analysis are conducted. The analytical results indicate that adopting the new-type driving way for the oscillating wing will not have flutter problems and will be able to produce propulsive force. Furthermore, it will consume much less power than the fixed wing for generating the same lift.     

Shortcomings of the Standard Solar Model

The SSM, invented in early nineteen sixties, remains a useful construction. There are now much larger number of its predictions that may be compared with observations than when it was first introduced. Seismic sounding based on oscillations frequencies provides the best test of the physical input for modelling stellar evolution. The results of the test must be viewed as a support for the standard theory of stellar evolution. However, significant differences in the sound-speed, photospheric He abundance, and other parameters between the Sun and the current models remain. Shortcomings in the EOS and in treatment of convection have been revealed. The differences in the sound-speed in the radiative interior may be explained by small opacity errors but other explanations are possible. Results of seismic sounding support the idea that the element mixing in the outer part of the radiative interior occurred during a significant fraction of the Sun's life. Such mixing is considered as a possible explanation of the deficit of lithium. The shortcomings of SSM cannot explain the deficits of measured neutrino fluxes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

刷式密封刷丝变形与振动特性实验

刷式密封刷丝运动变形引起的泄漏损失、刷丝断裂等问题较为突出。本文分析刷式密封刷丝运动变形理论模型，设计搭建刷式密封刷丝变形与振动特性观测实验装置，设计加工了3种周向倾角的低滞后型刷式密封实验件，实验观测并研究刷式密封刷丝轴向变形特性，刷丝吹下效应、刷丝分层和刷丝振动特性，揭示刷式密封刷丝运动状态。研究结果表明，在进出口压比1.5~4工况下，刷式密封刷丝自由端轴向变形量随着压比的增大而近似线性增加，周向倾角对刷丝轴向变形影响不大。刷式密封前排刷丝吹下效应明显强于后排刷丝，随着周向倾角的增大，刷式密封刷丝吹下效应逐渐减弱，在本文研究工况下，周向倾角为50°、55°和60°的刷式密封刷丝最大吹下量分别为0.60、0.45和0.34 mm。刷式密封刷丝产生分层现象的主要原因是在气流力的作用下，刷丝束轴向产生变形，刷丝束自由端在不相等的转子表面轴向摩擦力作用下，刷丝束进一步产生不同步的变形量，导致刷丝束出现间隙进而形成刷丝分层现象。刷丝振动主要发生在刷丝密度相对松散的区域，且随着压比的增大而增强，刷丝自由端位移随时间呈振荡变化，其在轴向的振幅大于周向的振幅。     

Solar Neutrinos

The current status of solar neutrino experiments is reviewed. All the experimental measurements show deficits of solar neutrinos. Non monotonic suppression indicates that the problem may naturally be explained by neutrino oscillations, but not by modifying solar models. A new experiment shows very promising results. We hope that a definite answer to the question of whether solar neutrinos are oscillating will be obtained in the very near future. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水下超声速气流流场非定常特性研究

上浮水雷在工作过程中环境压力大幅度变化，针对上浮水雷火箭发动机具有三种不同工作状态（欠膨胀、完全膨胀、过膨胀）的特点，采用VOF两相流模型，建立了水下火箭发动机在不同工作状态喷射流发展的轴对称计算模型，分别在来流速度0m/s和50m/s两种工况下，研究了水下发动机在不同工作状态时喷射流发展规律及流场脉动特性。结果显示，在静水条件下，欠膨胀工况时颈缩发生位置距喷管出口较远，流场压力和喉部流量没有发生脉动现象，其它工况时颈缩发生位置距喷管出口较近，完全膨胀工况和过膨胀工况喷管出口最大压力振幅分别为5.5MPa，7MPa；喷管喉部流量振动幅度约为5.2%，32.8%；在有流速条件下，三种工作状态发生颈缩、胀鼓和回击现象的位置距离喷管出口较远，完全膨胀喷管出口最大压力振幅为2MPa，喷管喉部流量未发生脉动特性，过膨胀工况喷管出口最大压力振幅6.1MPa，喉部流量振动幅度30.4%。     

抑制俯仰Ⅱ型PIO的四种滤波器性能比较

FWB、DS、DASA、RLF作为4种成熟、有效的非线性滤波器均用于解决以作动器速率饱和为特征的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)相位滞后的问题,从而抑制PIO发生.借助描述函数理论,对各滤波器中非线性环节线性化处理,得到4种滤波器拟线性传递函数和相频特性曲线,研究、比较各滤波器在不同参数、不同输入条件下开环相位补偿能力.针对俯仰PIO问题,选取本机动态特性较差、易发生PIO的纵向飞机模型,构建带速率限制作动器的人机闭环系统,通过3个典型的俯仰飞行仿真任务,从抑制作动器速率饱和能力、俯仰响应特性、相位补偿能力、减轻驾驶员操作负担4个方面全面比较各滤波器性能.实验表明:DASA滤波在抑制PIO、改善飞机俯仰响应特性方面相对较优.实验结果为滤波器设计、俯仰PIO抑制的相关研究提供有益参考.      

低雷诺数下翼面局部振动增升机理研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究低雷诺数下翼面局部振动对翼型气动特性及其流动特征的影响规律。建立局部振动激励的力学模型,并采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉坐标系下的特征线有限元(ALE-CBS)方法对局部振动激励下翼型绕流问题进行模拟,分析局部振动对非定常流动演化的影响规律,揭示其增升机理。研究结果表明:翼面局部变形的增加会有效降低翼型上表面的前缘压力;非定常流动分离中旋涡之间的距离及其演化频率与振动频率的关系是影响翼型翼面局部振动增升效果的重要因素。当流场主频率与振动频率相同,次要频率为主频率的2倍,即发生锁频时,翼面振动产生的移动分离泡能够使分离区从主流获取更多的能量,使翼型上表面保持较低的压力,有效提高翼型升力。