宽带信号去斜脉冲压缩处理方法的研究

宽带信号广泛应用于雷达、导航和卫星通讯等领域。宽带信号的传统接收处理方法主要是采用匹配滤波或子带分割技术。本文用去斜脉冲压缩处理方法处理宽带信号,给出了具体的实现结构和改进措施,分析了如何选择系统的信号采样频率,同时还给出了脉压波形的仿真结果及性能分析。实验表明:对中心频率为9.5GHz、带宽1.3GHz、脉冲宽度30μs的宽带线性调频信号,采用该方法处理只需90MHz采样数据率,大大降低了数据采集的难度。     

GRACE products and land surface models for estimating the changes in key water storage components in the Nile River Basin

The Nile River Basin (NRB) is facing extreme demand for its water resources due to an alarming increase in population and the changing climate. The NRB is not compatible with ground-based in-situ observations owing to its large basin area size and limited hydrological data access from basin countries. Thus, it lends itself to remotely sensed approaches with high spatial resolution and extended temporal coverage. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) avails a unique opportunity to investigate the changes in key components of terrestrial water storage (TWS). GRACE TWS solutions have specific tuning parameters and processing strategies that result in regionally specific variations and error patterns. We explored the TWS time series spatiotemporal changes, trends, uncertainties, and signal-to-noise ratio among different GRACE TWS data. We had also investigated the key terrestrial water storage components such as surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater storage changes. The results show that GRACE spherical harmonic solutions' uncertainty is higher than the mass concentration (mascon) over the NRB, and the Center for Space Research-mascons had the best performance. The evapotranspiration correlation (R² = 0.85) has the highest correlation with GRACE’s TWS, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (R² = 0.82) has the second highest correlation. Notably, significant long-term (2003–2017) negative groundwater and soil moisture trends demonstrate a potential depletion of the NRB. Despite an increase in precipitation and the TWS time series, the rate of decline increased rapidly after 2008, thereby indicating the possibility of human-induced change (e.g. for irrigation purposes). Therefore, the results of this study provide a guide for future studies related to hydro-climatic change over the NRB and similar basins.     

基于FFT的抑制载波捕获技术

介绍三种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的开环抑制载波捕获技术,并对这些算法进行性能分析及仿真.结果表明,基于FFT的交错符号积分技术,在低符号信噪比时引入的信噪比损失最小,适用于深空接收机中抑制载波捕获.     

近地空间短波红外恒星探测信噪比分析方法

针对星敏感器在近地空间导航应用需求,开展了短波红外恒星探测信噪比分析方法研究。基于恒星目标与天空背景辐射特性,构建了恒星探测信噪比模型,并结合光学系统及图像传感器参数完成了仿真试验。结果表明,同一星等及太阳天顶角下,Ks波段下的恒星探测信噪比最大,H波段次之,J波段最小;同一太阳天顶角及波段下,星等越小,恒星探测信噪比越大;同一星等及波长下,太阳天顶角越大,即恒星与太阳之间角距越大,恒星探测信噪比越大。本文可为新一代近地空间全天时星敏感器系统的方案设计、指标论证、评估应用提供可靠的理论方法与技术支持。     

基于数字信号特征提取的测频方法研究

传统的幂次谱特征能简便有效地提取信号特征并测量参数,但在样本数较少、信噪比较低的情况下,特征就变得不明显了。利用最佳采样点再进行幂次的非线性运算,能够完成特征提取及载频的精确测量。经仿真实验和实际工程验证,在信噪比不大于10dB、样本数不大于1000个符号时,该方法切实、有效。     

基于信噪比优化的中段传感器预指派模型

结合中低轨中段弹道目标连续跟踪这一特殊应用背景,从跟踪相机交接的再捕获确认到稳定跟踪的全程角度出发,提出了一种基于信噪比和跟踪精度联合优化的新的传感器预指派模型。并采用通过对粒子降维处理和位置矢量更新的实值粒子群优化算法,对所提模型的性能进行分析和比较。仿真实验表明,该模型的调度性能较之前的优化目标函数及二进制粒子群优化算法,更贴近导弹中段飞行情况的实际且性能有所改进,因而是一种更高效的调度模型。     

激光多普勒测速系统自适应阈值检测算法

信号检测是激光多普勒测速(LDV)系统实现高精度的关键技术,针对LDV中微弱多普勒信号的检测,本文从噪声在频域中的统计特性出发,对多普勒信号进行带阻滤波,结合雷达的恒虚警(CFAR)检测技术,设计了基于频域的单元平方和自适应阈值检测算法以解决在低信噪比(SNR)的环境中LDV的信号检测问题,提高LDV的信号探测能力,同时降低其虚警概率。仿真与实验的结果表明:该算法与固定阈值相比可以在SNR为-12 d B时实现信号的完全检测,保持低虚警概率,运算简单,工程适用性强。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

两种LDV信号处理器的实验比较

本文介绍了 IFA550型智能化 LDV 信号处理器的基本原理、工作特点以及它与计数型信号处理器的实验比较。IFA550型信号处理器具有以下突出的优点:(1)它只有“好”的测量结果或者根本没有测量结果,而不像计数器那样测量结果还取决于操作人员的技术水平和对流体力学原理的了解程度。(2)信号振幅的动态范围比计数器大很多,因而具有较高的数据率。(3)属于智能化自动化操作型仪器,操作十分简单方便,使用效率高。在与计数型处理器实验比较的基础上提出了利用计数器对 LDV 信号进行有效测量的判据,以便引起同行们作更深的探讨。     

GPS-IR技术用于河水面测高实验分析

河流、水库、湖泊的水位监测直接为水利、水运、防洪、防涝提供具有单独使用价值的资料，对人们的生产生活具有重要的意义。GPS-IR测高技术的出现为水位监测提供了新的手段。首先介绍了基于SNR观测值的GPS-IR水面测高技术的基本原理。在西安灞河悬挑平台上使用3组不同的仪器进行GPS-IR测高实验，以水位计结果为基准分析了测高精度，并探究了频段、高度角区间、扼流圈天线对GPS-IR水面测高精度的影响。得到了最佳RMS结果为1.04cm的精度，指出目前L1频段的信噪比更适合测高反演，而GPS现代化后L2频段进行测高则是更好的选择。给出了高度角区间选取的准则，证实扼流圈天线对GPS-IR技术影响不大。实验结果表明，可利用已有的GPS变形监测站，基于GPS-IR技术选取最优的参数配置监测河流、水库、湖泊的水位变化。