基于VBGMM-DCNN的列车卫星定位欺骗干扰检测方法

面向基于全球导航卫星系统的铁路列车定位实施欺骗干扰的主动检测，在卫星定位解算层次，运用深度学习建模学习方法的优势，提出一种基于变分贝叶斯高斯混合模型-深度卷积神经网络（variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model-deep convolutional neural network, VBGMM-DCNN）的列车卫星定位欺骗干扰检测方法。该方法首先提取能够充分体现欺骗干扰对定位解算过程作用影响的卫星观测特征参数，构建干扰检测特征矢量；然后，采用VBGMM模型拟合经过预处理的特征向量的概率分布，得到二维概率密度图；最后，将概率密度图用于DCNN模型实施欺骗干扰的检测决策。结合现场实验所得运行场景数据，利用实验室搭建的欺骗干扰测试环境实施了干扰注入测试与检验，结果表明,欺骗干扰检测性能随着DCNN网络深度的增加而提升，相对于常规有监督决策方法F1值最高提升44.68%。基于VBGMM-DCNN的欺骗干扰检测能够适应测试验证中运用的列车运行特征及定位观测条件，所达到的检测性能优于对比算法。     

“北斗+5G”联合定位与误差校正技术

在边坡、城市峡谷、高架等复杂的公路交通定位环境中，存在海量多样的定位需求与复杂的定位环境，北斗信号穿越建筑空间时强度被削弱，产生严重的信号反射和衍射，使得北斗卫星信号难以到达和有效使用，系统可用率下降，无法提供可靠的定位服务。结合第五代移动通信网络（5G）系统高密度部署的特点，提出了一种北斗+5G联合定位模型以及基于最小二乘残差Helmert后验加权的误差校正方法。在复杂公路交通环境中，可以改善可见卫星数少的问题，优化卫星的几何构型，提高用户终端定位精度，能够为用户终端提供高精度、全天候、连续、实时的定位服务。实验表明，北斗+5G联合定位模型能够大幅提升复杂公路交通环境下的定位性能。     

基于背景扣除的弱吸收信息精确提取方法研究

随着半导体器件的快速发展，基于分子振-转吸收光谱的研究日益深入，以可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy， TDLAS）为代表的检测技术取得巨大进步，应用领域进一步扩大，已有超过一千类仪器应用于连续监测以及过程控制，每年出售的气体检测仪器占据了红外气体传感检测仪器总数的5%以上，已实现不同领域组分浓度、温度、压力等参数的高精度探测。本文针对仪器开发领域目标吸收信息被完全覆盖的复杂应用环境，利用调制技术将吸收信息转移到高频部分，经过分通道背景扣除和谐波信号归一化处理提取吸收信息。以测量含硫天然气中微量H₂S为例，天然气中CH₄含量超过90%，目标组分H₂S的吸收信息被完全覆盖，将吸收信息转移到1 kHz频率，得到的谐波信号峰值与H₂S浓度呈正相关，线性参数达到0.999 9，实现了弱吸收信号的有效提取，从方法上验证了提取弱吸收信号的有效性，进一步扩展了光学气体传感的应用领域，为仪器开发提供技术保障。     

Precise orbit determination and baseline consistency assessment for Swarm constellation

Precise orbit determination (POD) and precise baseline determination (PBD) of Swarm satellites with 4 years of data are investigated. Ambiguity resolution (AR) plays a crucial role in achieving the best orbit accuracy. Swarm POD and PBD based on single difference (SD) AR and traditional double difference (DD) AR methods are explored separately. Swarm antenna phase center variation (PCV) corrections are developed to further improve the orbit determination accuracy. The code multipath of C1C, C1W and C2W observations is first evaluated and clear variations in code noise related to different receiver settings are observed. Carrier phase residuals of different time periods and different loop tracking settings of receiver are studied to explore the effect of ionospheric scintillation on POD. The reduction of residuals in the polar and geomagnetic equator regions confirms the positive impact of the updated carrier tracking loops (TLs) on POD performance. The SD AR orbits and orbits with float ambiguity (FA) are compared with the Swarm precise science orbits (PSOs). An average improvement of 27 %, 4 % and 16 % is gained in along-track, cross-track and radial directions by fixing the ambiguity to integer. For Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C formations, specific days are selected to perform the DD AR-based POD during which the average distance of the formation satellites is less than 5000 km. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are employed to validate the performance of FA, SD AR and DD AR orbits. The consistency between the SD AR orbits and SLR data is at a level of 10 mm which shows an improvement of 25 % when comparing with the FA results. An SLR residuals reduction of 15 % is also achieved by the DD AR solution for the selected days. Precise relative navigation is also an essential aspect for spacecraft formation flying missions. The closure error method is proposed to evaluate the baseline precision in three dimensions. A baseline precision of 1–3 mm for Swarm-A/C formation and 3–5 mm for Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C satellite pairs is verified by both the consistency check and closure error method.     

静止轨道高精度遥感卫星在轨冲击监测与定位

针对空间环境下航天器偶发的冲击影响敏感载荷性能的问题，提出了利用振动测量系统实时连续监测载荷安装位置附近的动力学环境的方法，通过分析各测点的冲击时域响应大小及冲击发生先后顺序，初步确定冲击发生的位置。结果表明:冲击的发生以天为周期，一天之中冲击发生的频次和强度与航天器所处轨道位置强相关，且存在2个明显的冲击高发时段。冲击很可能发生于载荷底板附近，可在地面试验中进行精确定位和完善设计。上述研究实现了在轨冲击现象的定量分析及冲击源的定位，将提升现有在轨动力学分析的能力，指导后续航天器设计，降低冲击现象对敏感载荷性能的影响。     

基于5G的通导融合位置认证系统性能分析

随着无人化智能移动装备在工业、交通等安全敏感领域的普及应用,民用导航定位系统中的定位安全问题日益突出。位置认证是对终端的物理位置声明进行认证的过程,是导航定位安全技术的重要组成部分。基于第五代(5G)移动通信网络的通导融合位置认证系统具有覆盖范围广、认证精度高、用户容量大、建设运维成本低等多重优势。本文首先介绍了多基站位置认证系统的检测判决原理,提出了漏检平均距离的定义作为位置认证系统精度的量化评价指标。在此基础上,通过数值仿真分析了信号带宽、基站同步误差、信噪比对位置认证系统精度的影响,并利用5G信道模型评估了典型场景下的位置认证系统的性能。结果表明,在具备3个以上的视距基站时,基于5G的通导融合位置认证系统可以实现米级的位置认证精度。     

Precise orbit determination for TH02-02 satellites based on BDS3 and GPS observations

The Tianhui-2 02 (TH02-02) satellite formation, as a supplement to the microwave mapping satellite system Tianhui-2 01 (TH02-01), is the first Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite formation-flying system that supports the tracking of BeiDou global navigation Satellite system (BDS3) new B1C and B2a signals. Meanwhile, the twin TH02-02 satellites also support the tracking of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1&L2 and BDS B1I&B3I signals. As the spaceborne receiver employs two independent boards to track the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, we design an orbit determination strategy by estimating independent receiver clock offsets epoch by epoch for each GNSS to realize the multi-GNSS data fusion from different boards. The performance of the spaceborne receiver is evaluated and the contribution of BDS3 to the kinematic and reduced-dynamic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of TH02-02 satellites is investigated. The tracking data onboard shows that the average number of available BDS3 and GPS satellites are 8.7 and 9.1, respectively. The carrier-to-noise ratio and carrier phase noise of BDS3 B1C and B2a signals are comparable to those of GPS. However, strong azimuth-related systematic biases are recognized in the pseudorange multipath errors of B1C and B3I. The pseudorange noise of BDS3 signals is better than that of GPS after eliminating the multipath errors from specific signals. Taking the GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbit with single-receiver ambiguity fixing technique as a reference, the results of BDS3-only and BDS3 + GPS combined POD are assessed. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit comparison of BDS3-based kinematic and reduced-dynamic POD with reference orbit are better than 7 cm and 3 cm in three-Dimensional direction (3D). The POD performance based on B1C&B2a data is comparable to that based on B1I&B3I. The precision of BDS3 + GPS combined kinematic orbit can reach up to 3 cm (3D RMS), which has a more than 25% improvement relative to the GPS-only solution. In addition, the consistency between the BDS3 + GPS combined reduced-dynamic orbit and the GPS-based ambiguity-fixed orbit is better than 1.5 cm (3D RMS).     

北斗三号系统PPP-B2b信号定位服务模型及性能分析

给出了PPP-B2b信号定位的观测模型和随机模型，详细阐述了PPP-B2b增强改正模型和参数估计模型，并进行了静态和动态定位实验。结果表明：对于单系统，在30min的收敛时间内，北斗三号定位精度可以达到水平0.118m（静态）、0.176m（动态），高程0.208m（静态）、0.423m（动态）以内，GPS定位精度可以达到水平0.113m（静态）、0.163m（动态），高程0.206m（静态）、0.377m（动态）以内；对于北斗三号/GPS双系统，在20min的收敛时间内，定位精度可以达到水平0.092m（静态）、0.122m（动态），高程0.158m（静态）、0.312m（动态）以内。无论是收敛性还是定位精度，均能满足北斗三号精密单点定位服务指标的要求。     

一种低轨卫星高灵敏度辅助定位服务系统

本文针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机低信噪比环境下的快速定位需求，在充分分析扩频信号相干积分关键影响要素的基础上，设计了一种低轨卫星高灵敏度辅助定位服务系统。针对空间段信号发射机低相噪信号生成技术所需的参考源、时钟树给出了详细设计及指标分析，通过发射信号误差向量幅度EVM对比测试，所设计的发射信号(EVM)指标可控制在优于1.19%。针对系统服务能力进行了星地一体化性能测试，实验结果表明，该系统可有效实现终端在灵敏度提升12 dB前提下有效定位且辅助定位时间优于3.5分钟。     

面向视觉着陆的高精度结构化约束特征点研究

为提高视觉着陆过程中无人机的相对定位精度,选取视觉图像中的直线交点作为结构化约束特征点,设计了基于梯度一致性的边缘检测算法,并结合Shi-Tomasi角点检测算法进行结构化约束特征点的粗定位。对LSD直线检测算法进行改进并设计了亚像素角点定位精度改进算法,在结构化约束特征点粗定位的基础上,将其精度提高到亚像素级。基于实际场景中固有约束的结构化约束特征点具有鲁棒性、旋转和尺度不变性,抗干扰能力更强,其高精度定位有利于提高视觉着陆相对定位的精度与可靠性。