耐高温树脂基复合材料研究进展及其在航空航天领域的应用

耐高温树脂基复合材料具有低密度、高比强度、高比模量、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、可设计性强等优点。因其在结构轻量化中的巨大应用潜力,在航空航天领域广受关注。本文重点介绍了双马来酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺和邻苯二甲腈三种耐高温树脂及其复合材料,并对其树脂基体的历史发展脉络、复合材料成型工艺与力学性能的研究现状,以及在航空航天领域的应用进行了综述。最后,通过提炼对比三者在工艺性、力学性能上的特点和工程上的典型应用场景,拟为航空航天领域中的材料选择提供参考。     

Multi precursors analysis associated with the powerful Ecuador (MW = 7.8) earthquake of 16 April 2016 using Swarm satellites data in conjunction with other multi-platform satellite and ground data

After DEMETER satellite mission (2004–2010), the launch of the Swarm satellites (Alpha (A), Bravo (B) and Charlie (C)) has created a new opportunity in the study of earthquake ionospheric precursors. Nowadays, there is no doubt that multi precursors analysis is a necessary phase to better understand the LAIC (Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling) mechanism before large earthquakes. In this study, using absolute scalar magnetometer, vector field magnetometer and electric field instrument on board Swarm satellites, GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements, MODIS-Aqua satellite and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data, the variations of the electron density and temperature, magnetic field, TEC (Total Electron Content), LST (Land Surface Temperature), AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) and SKT (SKin Temperature) have been surveyed to find the potential seismic anomalies around the strong Ecuador (M_w = 7.8) earthquake of 16 April 2016. The four solar and geomagnetic indices: F10.7, D_st, K_p and a_p were investigated to distinguish whether the preliminary detected anomalies might be associated with the solar-geomagnetic activities instead of the seismo-ionospheric anomalies. The Swarm satellites (A, B and C) data analysis indicate the anomalies in time series of electron density variations on 7, 11 and 12 days before the event; the unusual variations in time series of electron temperature on 8 days preceding the earthquake; the analysis of the magnetic field scalar and vectors data show the considerable anomalies 52, 48, 23, 16, 11, 9 and 7 days before the main shock. A striking anomaly is detected in TEC variations on 1 day before earthquake at 9:00 UTC. The analysis of MODIS-Aqua night-time images shows that LST increase unusually on 11 days prior to main shock. In addition, the AOD variations obtained from MODIS measurements reach the maximum value on 10 days before the earthquake. The SKT around epicentral region presents anomalous higher value about 40 days before the earthquake. It should be noted that the different lead times of the observed anomalies could be acknowledged based on a reasonable LAIC earthquake mechanism. Our results emphasize that the Swarm satellites measurements play an undeniable role in progress the studies of the ionospheric precursors.     

Viscoelastic characterization of polymers for deployable composite booms

Deployable space structures are being built from thin-walled fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and designed bistability. However, the inherent viscoelastic behavior of the resin matrix can cause dimensional instability when the composite is stored under strain. The extended time of stowage between assembly and deployment in space can result in performance degradation and in the worst case, mission failure. In this study, the viscoelastic properties of candidate commercial polymers consisting of difunctional and tetrafunctional epoxies and thermoplastic and thermosetting polyimides were evaluated for deployable boom structures of solar sails. Stress relaxation master curves of the candidate polymers were used to predict the relaxation that would occur in 1 year at room temperature under relatively low strains of about 0.1%. A bismaleimide (BMI) showed less stress relaxation (about 20%) than the baseline novolac epoxy (about 50%). Carbon fiber composites fabricated with the BMI resin showed a 44% improvement in resistance to relaxation compared to the baseline epoxy composite.     

高分子增材制造技术对我国航空制造业的发展影响研究

全球范围内,经权威机构正式认证的飞机金属增材制造零件数量目前仅两例;而高分子材料增材制造零部件,在波音飞机上正式使用已近20年之久,累计总量在10万件以上。将增材制造技术与航空产业进行深度融合,做好统筹规划与顶层设计,同等程度地重视用金属和高分子材料增材技术直接进行航空器零部件的制造,是促进产业健康可持续发展的关键环节。     

CMC在航天领域的应用

论述了陶瓷基复合材料在航天领域的研究与应用,主要从陶瓷基复合材料的优势特点、制备方法、国内外研究进展以及CMC在航天型号产品上应用需要突破的难点和技术关键等五个方面进行了详细论述和介绍,提出了发展趋势和研究方向.     

空间环境对聚合物基复合材料性能的影响分析

文章介绍了空间飞行器工作过程中的空间环境条件。为满足这些要求 ,在设计与选材时须考虑一些因素。此外对某型号任务中使用的P75S/环氧 6 48复合材料耐空间环境条件的性能做了简要评述     

不同交联剂对聚硅氧烷裂解产物的影响

分别利用含乙烯基聚硅氧烷(VPSO)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)作为交联剂使含氢聚硅氧烷(HPSO)固化,然后在高温下裂解。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析等手段对VPSO/HPSO和DVB/HPSO两个体系的裂解产物进行表征。结果表明,两个体系的裂解产物在结构和成分上有明显不同。比较了两者间的差别,认为裂解产物存在差异的原因是不同交联剂引发交联方式不同,从而导致交联产物结构不同。     

低成本聚硅氧烷制备SiC_f／Si-O-C材料性能研究

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,采用先驱体转化法制备SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料,同时测试所得复合材料的弯曲强度、韧性、剪切强度、密度、热膨胀系数、导热系数、耐烧蚀性能.结果表明,SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料具有良好的综合性能.对所得材料微观结构进行分析讨论,发现界面结构与致密度是SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料具有高性能的主要原因.     

反应型聚酯复合材料阻燃性能研究

研究了反应型阻燃聚酯复合材料的二种制备方法及阻燃机理。结果表明，协同阻燃体系不仅能提高材料的阻燃性能，而且能够降低材料的成本。     

硼酸铝晶须及其在聚合物基复合材料中的应用

主要介绍了硼酸铝晶须的特性、制备方法及其在热固性树脂与热塑性树脂和医学中的应用研究概况，以及硼酸铝晶须的表面处理对复事材料性能的影响，并提出晶须的表面改性、材料的加工工艺及降低制造成本是今后发展的主要方向。