变循环发动机双外涵匹配研究

针对带核心机驱动风扇的双外涵变循环发动机,提出了1种用于双外涵匹配分析的数值模拟方法。利用计算流体力学Fluent软件对其初步流路进行了研究及优化,在此基础上对双外涵模式流场、不同前涵道引射器状态下的单外涵模式流场进行分析。结果表明:第1外涵道的角度和流通面积对总压恢复系数的影响较大;在由双外涵模式转换到单外涵模式过程中,应将前可变面积涵道引射器开到最大以减小总压损失。该方法能够有效地应用于双外涵变循环发动机流路优化及双外涵匹配分析,为变循环技术的深入研究提供参考。     

某型压差活门的动态特性分析

压差活门是航空发动机数控系统燃油计量装置中重要的液压部件,其稳定性和动态性能直接影响控制系统的整体性能。根据压差活门非线性微分方程,采用小偏差线性化方法,推导出了压差活门的动态数学模型,得到了压差活门的方框图以及传递函数。选取某压差活门参数建立了Simulink仿真模型,分别在频域和时域分析了其动态性能。结果表明:在频域上,比较了有无节流器时的回路增益函数伯德图,认为敏感油路上的节流器可以改善稳定性且提高控制精度,通过设计节流器的尺寸可以调节穿越频域,从而改善系统的动态性能;在时域上,分析了不同节流器尺寸下阶跃响应的动态性能,其试验结果与实际工程经验一致。     

变结构控制在基于脉冲比例阀的燃油调节系统中的应用

针对航空发动机燃油控制系统中二阶非定常执行机构通常出现设计困难的问题,介绍一种变结构控制方法,将二阶非定常执行机构变成确定的一阶惯性环节,该方法既充分利用其优点"不变性"又可以规避其突出缺点"抖振",特别适用于驱动脉冲比例调节阀;同时提出脉冲比例阀的变结构调节中遇到的实际问题(例如微分的精度问题)的解决办法,以及影响该方法可行性的若干必要条件。结果表明:符合条件时变结构控制在基于脉冲比例阀的燃油调节系统中是可行的。     

高速开关阀控电液位置伺服系统自适应鲁棒控制

为研究高精度的液压缸位置跟踪控制问题，设计了高速开关阀和换向阀组合控制液压缸的结构方案，并通过实验分析了高速开关阀的静态流量特性。建立了液压缸的连续可微摩擦模型，利用粒子群优化算法对其参数进行辨识。建立了系统的非线性数学模型，基于非连续参数映射和反步法设计了直接自适应鲁棒控制器，通过参数在线自适应调节来更新估计值和鲁棒反馈项支配参数不确定性，实验结果表明:在跟踪幅值为5mm，频率为0.4Hz的正弦信号时，最后一个周期的最大跟踪误差、平均跟踪误差及其标准差分别为0.638、0.25mm和0.405mm，与传统PID控制器相比，控制精度显著提升，旨在为实现高精度的数字阀控位置伺服技术提供有价值的参考。      

基于互锁双指令控制的电磁阀驱动电路设计

为满足体积及重量强约束条件下的动力系统电磁阀控制需求，提出了一种基于互锁双指令控制的电磁阀驱动电路设计方案。采用逻辑相反的互锁指令与串并联设计的阀门驱动电路结构形式，设计了基于McBSP内总线交互的电磁阀控制流程，建立了150N电磁阀驱动电路仿真模型及阀门电流测试平台。仿真及测试结果表明，该驱动电路能够有效实现二度故障下的电磁阀开启与关闭。     

A novel architecture of electro-hydrostatic actuator with digital distribution

To address the flow imbalance rapidly of the asymmetric Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA), this paper presents a novel architecture of asymmetric EHA with the Digital Distribution (EHA-DD). It also improves the flow nonlinearity and control accuracy of the pump, especially in the low-speed condition. The digital distribution with two High-Speed on–off Valves (HSVs) not only balances flow instead of the check valves, but also replaces the pump at the low-speed to control output flow by adjusting the PWM signal. The pump and HSVs are the crucial components to control flow output. Firstly, the flow calculation models of the pump and the duty ratio inversed model of the HSV are obtained through experimental tests and the identification method. To get the control input signal for the required flow, the pump speed and PWM duty ratio for the HSVs are inversed to compensate for flow output. Further, a multimode digital flow distribution control method based on pump speed, mainly including the pump-controlled mode for large flow demand and valve-controlled mode for little flow demand, is proposed to control the accurate flow output actively. The step extension experiments based on the flow calculation models are conducted on the EHA-DD prototype under elastic, opposite varying load. The results demonstrate that the EHA-DD realizes little position error by accurate flow control, and it is also beneficial to improve the service life of the pump.     

西安某粘接材料厂室内供暖、热水系统的设计

基于厂方对供热系统的要求,根据供热建筑物、机房和可利用设施的实际情况,采用一台换热器,通过阀门的切换,实现了供暖和供热水的分段运行。将蒸汽发生器的进水与系统补水有机地整合为一个系统,有效地解决了机房面积过小的实际困难。利用自来水的压力和热水箱与浴室的高差解决了热水供应的实际问题。     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

插装式液控能源选择阀的设计与分析

针对液压系统油源的安全性及可靠性问题,提出油源冗余设计方法,即多油源供给多负载,当某一油源发生故障时能源选择阀切断故障油源,由其他油源给负载提供基本液压能源,系统能完成必须的服役性能。针对液压系统能源选择阀存在的频繁换向与振动问题,提出一种插装式液控能源选择阀,其先导阀采用锥阀和可变阻尼形式,主阀采用三台肩且终端有缓冲功能的滑阀。建立了插装式液控能源选择阀的数学模型,分析了能源选择阀在两种模拟故障下的切换压力及切换时间、油源压力脉动等特性。理论分析结果表明,油源压力阶跃和线性变化时,某能源选择阀切换时间分别为5 ms和7 ms。当压力发生波动时,主阀不会发生振动,还可通过液控先导阀结构设计来控制切换压力和回复压力大小。     

射流管伺服阀前置级压力特性

为分析射流管伺服阀射流管喷嘴高压射流区的特性,建立了射流管伺服阀前置级数学模型,得到了射流管偏移值、射流管喷嘴半径和接收孔半径对接收器压力分布、喷嘴出口流速及接收器的左右孔恢复压力的影响规律.流场分析发现射流管喷嘴的高速射流出口处容易产生旋涡,且存在环状负压效应.结果表明:高压射流状态下,射流管喷嘴半径增大,恢复压力增加;接收孔半径增大,恢复压力降低.接收孔半径与射流管喷嘴半径之比的最佳取值区间为[1.3,1.5].当射流管偏移值增大时,在偏移值增大一侧,射流管与接收孔之间的有效流体接收面积增大,射流管与接收孔之间的流体旋涡扩大,内部流场环状负压效应增加,接收孔恢复压力降低.