两种激光烧蚀微推力器工作模式的讨论

激光烧蚀微推力器技术是激光推进技术最有可能率先实现工程应用的技术研究方向。作为一种新型的空间推进领域电推进推力器技术,以其系统集成度较高、电功耗较低、冲量元精准等优势特性,在推进性能和系统集成等方面形成鲜明的特色,对于多种空间推进任务具备潜在的应用价值。以激光烧蚀微推力器发展历程为背景,总结提炼当前推力器技术发展趋势,提出了激光烧蚀微推力器目前最具研究价值的两种工作模式,分别对高低比冲两种不同工作模式进行了性能分析和比对,对激光烧蚀微推力器应用前景进行了展望,最后给出了进一步研究的建议。     

基于放电室均布模型的射频离子推力器研究

为了研究工作参数和结构参数对射频离子推力器放电性能的影响规律，通过开展放电室均布模型数值仿真和推力器性能试验，研究了射频离子推力器LRIT 40的放电机理和放电性能随结构参数和工作参数的变化规律。研究发现，减小长径比或增大工质流率、栅极电压及射频功率均能增大推力器束电流，改善推力器性能。通过分析试验结果和仿真结果得到，放电室均布模型可用于研究射频离子推力器的性能。     

Charge-product control approach to electrostatic leader-follower formations in LEO plasma wakes

The feasibility of using electrostatic forces to stabilize a close-proximity leader-follower formation is investigated. The leader craft is equipped with a set of affixed spheres whose charge is modulated to hold the charged follower craft along a proscribed trajectory to its nominal leader-relative position. This charge structure and the follower craft are constrained to remain in the plasma wake generated behind all LEO craft because the more-dense ambient plasma outside the wake prevents object charging and electric field propagation. Once the formation is achieved, a controlled electric field is generated by the leader to counter relative accelerations from perturbations like differential drag and solar radiation pressure, holding the follow near its nominal position. Two controllers are derived for the system described, incorporating Coulomb accelerations and linearized gravity and drag accelerations. Simulations are run under unmodeled perturbations and sensor noise for different scenarios, demonstrating the challenges and benefits associated with electrostatic actuation.     

一种新型卫星携气瓶推力器喷气时长计算方法

卫星自主编队保持通常采用开环控制模式,需要星载计算机(AOCC)根据推进系统的工作状态实时计算喷气时长。由于AOCC计算能力有限,在携气瓶推力器仿真测试过程中采用的速度增量关机方式不适用于在轨喷气时长的计算。为减小AOCC运算量,提高控制精度,开展了携气瓶推力器的动力学建模仿真,进行了寿命期间的性能分析。针对该时变推力模型,设计了AOCC喷气时长计算方法。通过推力的状态传递和推力预测,构造了以喷气时长为变量的代数方程,并将该方法应用到一组多次喷气情况下的喷气时长计算。仿真结果显示:与以往基于单点测量的推力器喷气时长的计算方法相比,采用该方法计算的喷气时长更接近理论值,能够有效提高卫星自主编队保持的控制精度。     

基于碱金属辅助电离的等离子鞘套模拟方法

为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题，对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据，计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备，概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案，选取相适应的放电方式，并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题，提出添加碱金属的解决方案，并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估，预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。     

A method for automatic detection and characterization of plasma bubbles using GPS and BDS data

Detecting and characterizing Total Electron Content (TEC) depletion is important for studying the ionospheric threat due to the Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) when applying the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) at low latitudes. This paper develops a robust method to automatically identify TEC depletion and derive its parameters. The rolling barrel algorithm is used to automatically identify the TEC depletion candidate and its parameters. Then, the depletion candidates are screened by several improved techniques to distinguish actual depletions from other phenomena such as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) or abnormal data. Next, based on the depletion signals from three triangular receivers, the method derives EPB parameters such as velocity, width and gradient. The time lag and front velocity are calculated based on cross-correlation using TEC depletions and the geometrical distribution of three triangular receivers. The width and gradient of slope are then determined by using TEC depletion from a single receiver. By comparison, both the station-pair method and proposed method depend on the assumption that the EPB morphology is frozen during the short time when the plasma bubble moves between the receivers. However, our method relaxes the restriction that the baseline length should be shorter than the width of slope required by the station-pair. This relaxation is favorable for studying small-scale slope of depletions using stations of a longer baseline. In addition, the accuracy of the width and gradient is free of impact from hardware biases and small-scale disturbance, as it is based only on the relative TEC variation. The method is demonstrated by processing Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data on 15 August, 2018, in a solar minimum cycle.     

低功率变截面通道霍尔推力器电离特性

在不改变霍尔推力器特征尺寸的条件下为了提高其低功率时的性能,采用缩小通道局部通流面积的方法,利用增加电离区原子密度来提高工质利用率。实验结果表明,该方法能有效拓展低功率放电范围,控制工质电离过程,增加工质利用率,并提高霍尔推力器在低功率下的推力、比冲和效率性能。羽流发散角优化是后续变截面研究中需要重点关注的问题。     

P70霍尔推力器新型缓冲腔磁路对预电离及放电的影响

为有效利用从P70霍尔推力器放电通道进入缓冲腔的快电子能量,考虑两个磁场特征以提高缓冲腔预电离率。一是提高磁感应强度,二是缓冲腔内从气体分配器到放电通道方向的负梯度。采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件,在不改变推力器电离和加速通道内优化磁场特征的前提下,设计的新型缓冲腔磁路满足上述磁场特征。放电实验结果表明,在新型缓冲腔磁路下放电电流低频振荡幅值更小。新型磁路有助于延长推力器寿命,有助于电离和加速通道内电离与加速区的分离。     

等离子体激励器流场测量及诱导推力实验

为了深入了解等离子体激励器流动控制原理,采用PIV技术获得了静止空气中的等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流及其末端引射气流流场的流速分布和流态,并对由此产生的诱导推力进行了测量实验;研究了等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流加速机理和尾部流场形态以及电极对数对诱导气流加速的影响,并与推力实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,等离子体激励器上表面空气被诱导产生定向流动,并在多对平行电极的作用下被逐渐加速;诱导气流在激励器末端的引射作用形成射流,增加等离子体激励器电极对数可以增大该射流的流速;所产生的诱导推力也随诱导气流流速的加速相应增大。     

Results of measurements of the response of a delta-doped CCD to neutral and charged particle beams

We report the measurements of the response of a delta-doped Charge Coupled Device (CCD) in imaging mode to beams of charged and neutral particles. That is, the detector imaged the incident beam over its 1024 × 1024 pixels, integrating the number of particles counted in each pixel during the exposure period. In order to count individual particles the exposure time would have had to be reduced considerably compared to the typical ?5 s used in these studies. Our CCD thus operated in a different manner than do conventional particle detectors such as the CEM and MCP that normally are used in a particle counting mode. The measurements were carried out over an energy range from 0.8 to 30 keV. The species investigated include H, H⁺, He⁺, N⁺, N₂⁺, and Ar⁺. The energy and ion mass covered wider ranges than previous measurements for the CCD. The results of these measurements show, as in the case of the previous measurement, for a given ion the CCD response increases with energy and for a given particle energy the response decreases with increasing mass of the particle. These results are in agreement with predictions of the theory of the range of ions in solids. The results also show the possibility for the application of the delta doped CCD as a detector for low energy particle measurements for space plasma physics applications.