基于卡尔曼滤波的星敏感器在轨校准方法

根据星敏感器光学镜头以径向畸变为主的特点,采用一阶径向畸变模型,利用摄像机标定中的径向排列约束(RAC),对其外部姿态和内参数进行在轨校准。以采集到的星点的图像坐标和对应导航星在天球坐标系下的赤经、赤纬信息作为滤波器的输入,外部姿态和内参数作为输出,构造相应的状态方程和观测方程,进行两次卡尔曼滤波迭代,结果作为校准参数的最优估计。仿真实验表明:本方法能消除内部参数与外部参数的耦合,校准过程不依赖外部姿态,且状态方程和观测方程均为线性方程,满足卡尔曼滤波迭代的最优条件,能够精确估计出星敏感器内外参数,在星点成像位置噪声标准差为0.05像素时,校准后x、y方向上的平均误差分别为0.044像素和0.049像素。     

空间机器人系统的最小燃料重复运动控制

提出了一种空间机器人系统的重复运动控制方案。用一组完整约束来逼近非完整约束,并将该完整约束用于空间机器人逆运动学的计算,这样即可以满足关节空间重复运动的要求,又可以大大减少控制载体运动所需的燃料和避免安装在载体上的反作用轮达到饱和。仿真结果证实了控制方案的有效性     

序列图像编码中的遗传优化块匹配算法

讨论了序列图像编码的运动估值算法。在剖析传统块匹配算法的基础上,针对其非全局最佳的缺陷,将遗传优化算法的思想应用于分层块匹配算法,提出一种遗传优化块匹配算法。算法分析和计算机模拟表明,此算法可较好地解决现有快速搜索算法中存在的非全局最小点问题,提高数据压缩效率,与穷尽搜索算法相比运算复杂程度明显减小。     

基于约束方程建模技术的CCGA封装力学特性仿真

为探讨CCGA高密度封装结构在整机设备中的有限元建模方法,分析CCGA封装在力学激励下的响应,选用了不同的有限元单元对CCGA封装结构进行了建模,采用了约束方程方法处理不同单元所引起的求解自由度不协调问题,根据CCGA封装模型特点编写了约束方程自动建模程序。基于约束方程方法建立的有限元模型,对包含CCGA封装结构的设备整机进行了随机振动激励下的有限元仿真,得到了随机振动激励下封装的响应。通过包含CCGA封装结构的有限元模型建模过程可以看出:自动约束方程建模方法可以有效地处理实体单元与梁单元建模引起的自由度不协调问题,为包含高密度封装的设备整机有限元建模提供了新的思路;CCGA封装结构力学特性仿真结果可以较全面反映封装响应,为CCGA芯片的加固措施提供了根据。     

双基地聚束SAR运动误差分析

将三维坐标系引入运动误差分析,建立了对任意匀速直线航迹双基地聚束SAR运动误差统一、清晰的分析方法;在此三维坐标系下,推导出各种运动误差引起的相位误差的计算公式。推导基于一般的双基地聚束SAR回波模型,可适用于任意匀速直线航迹的双基地聚束SAR,并且将通常的单基地SAR的运动误差分析作为一种特例也涵盖在内。给出了位置误差、速度误差和加速度误差所造成的相位误差计算公式。从推导结果得出结论:位于不同平台的同一误差,引起的相位误差是不同的;在小场景假设下,双基地聚束SAR的运动误差是空不变的,与目标位置无关。计算机仿真验证了误差分析的正确性。     

含滑行时间约束的真空段弹道设计研究

由于动力系统及测控资源的约束，工程中存在着末级两次点火但滑行时间受限的运载火箭真空段弹道设计问题。基于线性引力场的假设，引入含滑行时间约束的切换条件，从而将含固定滑行时长的弹道优化问题转换成对两点边值问题的迭代求解和对运动方程的积分，并通过多个算例仿真验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。同时，研究了迭代过程中滑行段不同弹道预报方法对弹道设计的影响，结果显示较高的预报精度可以获得更优的弹道设计结果。该方法提供了一种新的弹道设计思路，在总体方案论证或初步设计阶段可以替代传统设计方法，以有效提升弹道设计效率，优化火箭方案。     

基于滑模的多无人机系统协同编队控制

针对具有非完整约束的多无人机系统编队控制问题，提出了一种基于滑模的协同编队控制算法。控制目标是使多无人机系统能够收敛到期望编队，并且能够跟踪上期望的运动轨迹。在领导-跟随结构中，编队的期望运动轨迹由一个动态的虚拟领导者来表示，仅部分跟随者先验已知虚拟领导者信息，并且所有跟随者之间只能局部交互信息。首先，采用分布式状态观测器，使所有跟随者能够在有限时间内估计出虚拟领导者的状态。然后，利用该观测器的估计状态，提出了基于滑模的协同编队控制算法。最后，基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了多无人机系统的稳定性,并且通过5架无人机的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Pose measurement and motion estimation of non-cooperative satellite based on spatial circle feature

Malfunctioned satellites have seriously threatened orbital safety, and the capture of these satellites is of great significance. The pose measurement and the motion estimation of the tumbling satellite is the premise of capture. In this paper, the docking ring of the satellite is identified, which is equivalent to a spatial circle. Combined with the nozzle feature, the pose duality of the spatial circle can be eliminated. And the measurement accuracy is improved by minimizing the reprojection error of the docking ring and the nozzle. Due to the symmetry of the docking ring, the measured pose has only five degrees of freedom, losing the degree of freedom of rotation around the normal vector. In the motion estimation algorithm, the observability of the tumbling motion is firstly analyzed, then an error-state Kalman filter with inertia ratio constraints is designed. To improve the convergence speed and stability of the filter, a rough estimation algorithm of filter initial value based on linear term extraction and particle swarm optimization is proposed. The effectiveness of the pose measurement and motion estimation method is verified by simulations.     

Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.     

落角与视场约束制导控制一体化策略

针对考虑视场(FOV)约束和落角约束的高超声速飞行器高精度打击问题，提出一种基于自适应动态规划(ADP)的新型制导控制一体化(IGC)策略。首先设计一种融合视场角与落角约束的视场角指令，在视场角精确跟踪的同时实现精确命中并满足两种约束，从而将约束问题转化为跟踪问题；然后，借助干扰观测技术估计制导控制一体化模型中不确定性并引入到性能指标设计中，又同时将视场角约束与落角约束考虑进去，设计基于自适应动态规划的制导控制一体化方法。利用ADP的强化学习思想求解出最优控制策略，既保证高超声速飞行器的精准打击，又满足视场角约束与落角约束，而且兼顾了对不确定性的鲁棒性。仿真结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性与优势。