边界层抽吸和脉动反压作用下隔离段内流动特性研究

为了解上游边界层抽吸控制和下游周期脉动反压作用下隔离段内流动特性,采用非定常数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,对来流Ma=2情况下的隔离段内激波串动态演化特性、激波串形态结构变化以及激波串演化迟滞现象进行了研究。结果表明,在脉动反压和边界层抽吸作用下,激波串在上游抽吸狭缝与下游隔离段出口之间周期振荡,振荡频率与脉动反压一致。在振荡过程中,首道激波串形态在规则反射与马赫反射以及马赫反射与弧形激波(包含正激波)之间相互转换。边界层抽吸将激波串固定在抽吸狭缝位置,有效提高了隔离段抗反压性能,脉动频率越大,可承受的瞬态反压峰值越大。在一个振荡周期内,激波串向上移动速度较向下移动更快,且在上下移动过程中形态变化存在迟滞现象。     

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.     

A preliminary study of the single crest phenomenon in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial anomaly region around 120°E longitude between 1999 and 2012

The diurnal variations in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial ionisation anomaly (EIA) region are not always represented by two crests on both sides of the magnetic equator. Sometimes, only an obvious single crest is evident at equatorial and low latitudes. In this paper, we focus on analysis of the morphological features of the single crest phenomenon in TEC around 120°E longitude during geomagnetic quiet days (Kp < 4₋). The variations in TEC are also compared with morphological parameters (foF2 and hmF2) derived from the International Reference Ionosphere extended to Plasmasphere (IRI–Plas) model. Our results show that the single crest phenomenon occurs mainly on days with extremely low solar activity, while the corresponding F2 layer critical frequency showed obvious asymmetry, or even only a single peak.     

孔内“喷射现象”影响气膜冷却流动传热机理

为了揭示气膜孔内不同“喷射现象”对气膜冷却流动传热的影响,在相同射流角基础上选取7种不同进气角的冷气腔以改变气膜孔内的“射流效应”,并对7种冷气腔在不同吹风比条件下进行了对比研究。结果表明:当进气角不为0°时,不同进气角会在气膜孔内产生不同的“喷射现象”。低吹风比时不同进气角的气膜冷却效率相差不大。随着吹风比的增加,不同进气角时的冷却效率存在很大差别。在吹风比为1.5,进气角不大于0°时冷气在孔外形成了强肾形涡;而当进气角大于0°时冷气在与高温主流相互作用后,上游低动量区的冷气会绕开下游高动量区冷气后贴附壁面,增大涡对之间的距离从而减弱相互增强的效应。相对于原始冷气腔,在吹风比为1.5,进气角为15°和30°时的平均气膜效率分别提高了约130%和70%。      

水面波作用下平面射流振翅运动的频率锁定现象

通过激光流动显示 (LIF)和测量方法 ,就表面水波对垂直平面射流的振翅运动的影响进行了实验和理论研究。研究表明 ,在表面波的影响下 ,振翅运动依然存在。同时 ,波高计和多谱勒激光测速仪的测量结果显示 ,当表面波的频率接近但低于射流振翅运动的自然频率时 ,射流振翅运动的实际振动频率将被锁定在表面波的频率上。而当表面波的频率大于射流振翅摆动的自然频率时 ,频率锁定现象将不存在。     

运用贝叶斯判别分析防止"彼得现象"发生

分析了由于晋升候选人相对较多,不易把握好候选人,传统的方法难免会出现干部晋升的"彼得现象".而引入贝叶斯判别法则可以以具体、明确的量化标准,与定性分析方法相结合,完善晋升的考证机制,以量化的数据作为提出问题的依据、分析判断的基础和考察评估的尺度,为更加全面地做好干部的晋升选拔工作提供一种可行的辅助方法.     

A robust solution for hesitate phenomenon in pick up process of aerospace electromagnetic relay

As for aerospace electromagnetic relay (AEMR) which is of small batches and having difficulty in automatic production, the uncertainty phenomenon is remarkable due to excessive manual work involved in the assembly and adjustment processes. This kind of uncertainty may increase the coil voltage difference (CVD) caused by hesitate phenomenon in the pick up process of AEMR. Taking a certain type of AEMR for example, the CVD problem in the actual producing process has been studied in this paper. The primary cause of this issue, two-steps of armature motion (namely hesitate phenomenon) in the pick up process, has been found by analyzing the matching characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical torques of AEMR. Through the optimization of the matching characteristics, the two-steps of armature motion problem is solved by robust design of the return reed which is a key part of AEMR. The validity of this research has been proved by the comparison of characteristics of AMER before and after the optimization.     

探月返回器伞舱盖拉伞包动力学模型

文章针对探月返回器伞舱盖弹射分离后出现的物理现象,建立了伞舱盖弹射分离拉伞包过程动力学模型,复现了伞舱盖弹射分离试验中观察到的伞包追赶伞舱盖现象,比较了地面静止弹盖条件及飞行条件下拉伞包过程的异同,分析了主要设计参数对拉伞包过程的影响。研究表明,对于现有弹盖系统,伞包拉出后均存在追赶伞舱盖的现象,并且这一现象无法通过调整弹射分离速度、伞舱盖质量及连接点位置得以避免。     

中国行政垄断现象及法律规制研究

近年来,在我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的过程中,长期存在的计划经济所产生的惯性使政府利用其公共权力限制市场竞争,在众多经济部门建立垄断企业,比如铁路、电信、石油、银行等部门,由此出现了行政垄断现象,并愈演愈烈.转型时期,以地方保护和市场分割为主要表现形式的行政垄断扭曲了市场良性竞争关系,降低了资源配置效率,不利于经济的发展.因此,在转型时期,行政垄断的治理、政府管制的改革以及法律制度的规制都成为社会各界普遍关注的问题.文章拟就转型时期的行政垄断现象及法律规制方面的对策进行较为全面的剖析,以期有利于我国在该领域改革实践的深入.     

用POD方法研究有限长正方形棱柱尾流的双稳态现象

利用PIV对高宽比为7的有限长正方形棱柱尾流和二维方柱尾流进行了测量。实验中雷诺数为9300。对流场进行了本征正交分解(POD),并分析了各阶模态对湍动能的贡献。基于瞬态流场重建中各阶模态的系数,比较了有限长棱柱尾流和二维柱体尾流的瞬态流动特性。结果表明:在二维柱体尾流中,代表着卡门涡街的1、2阶模态对湍动能的贡献占支配地位,达到了73.6%,而在有限长柱体尾流中,1、2阶模态的贡献仅为45.9%。后者的尾流中存在两种典型的流动形态:一种是1、2阶模态占主导的卡门涡街形态,类似于二维棱柱尾流;另一种是3阶或更高阶模态占主导的对称形态。