以激光束为基准测量工作台直线运动误差的原理探讨

提出一种以两束激光为基准测量工作台直线运动误差(五个自由度)的方法,并根据刚体运动学的基本原理导出了相应的数学模型。所获得的误差计算公式形式简单,计算方便,适用于实时、现场运动精度测量及补偿。     

喷管扩张段烧蚀的“台阶效应”计算

当喉衬和扩张段内衬采用具有不同烧蚀率的材料时,常出现“台阶效应”.本文以气动热化学烧蚀机理为基楚,提出应用适当的对流换热和加剧的化学反应计算对台阶效应区进行修正的方法,使台阶效应区的烧蚀率预示更切合实际工况.     

飞机机身自动对接技术研究

介绍了飞机机身对接方式、采用的对接基准和对接测量方法,并以某飞机机身对接为实例,详细介绍了某型号机身自动化对接平台的建立流程、装配协调方法及激光跟踪仪和激光准直仪相结合的测量方法.     

硅橡胶/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料的制备与烧蚀结构的研究

苯并噁嗪树脂具有优异的成炭和抗高温氧化性能,是新一代的耐烧蚀树脂。以双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂为耐烧蚀树脂,采用1H-NMR、DSC和转矩流变仪研究其成环率和加工性能;以硅橡胶为耐烧蚀基体,采用熔融共混方法制备了硅橡胶苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料。进行力学和氧乙炔焰烧蚀检测,利用FT-IR、Raman和SEM研究复合材料综合性能和烧蚀结构。结果表明:苯并噁嗪树脂能够明显提高硅橡胶复合材料的耐烧蚀性能,当树脂添加量为20份时,复合材料具有较好的耐烧蚀和力学性能;该复合材料经过氧乙炔焰烧蚀后,烧蚀层形成表面陶瓷层、裂解炭化层和基体层。表面陶瓷层主要由SiO_2,SiC和C组成,裂解炭化层的主要组由C,SiO_2,SiC以及炭化彻底的碳和炭化不完全的有机结构组成。     

飞秒激光能量密度对镍基合金重铸层和加工效率的影响

以航空发动机叶片制孔为导向,结合飞秒激光对单晶镍基高温合金材料的非热熔性损伤阈值(Φth1)和热熔性损伤阈值(Φth2)特征,研究了飞秒激光能量密度(0Φ44.2J/cm2)对制孔重铸层和加工效率的影响规律。研究结果表明:在Φth1ΦΦth2时,镍基合金经飞秒激光加工后加工侧壁没有出现明显的重铸物;在ΦΦth2时,加工侧壁开始出现重铸物,并随着能量密度的增加,重铸层厚度增大。在试验结果的基础上,建立了飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度与能量密度的定量关系。能量密度越高,飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度越大,加工效率越高。     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

内外分区空间统一精度场建立方法研究

针对内外分区空间内结构和设备安装的数字化测量需求,研究内外参考点之间的关联技术,构建与外测量精度场相统一的内测量精度场。对于内外空间不同的开口数,利用多测点定位法、二测点和水平仪单站位定位法、二测点和水平仪双站位定位法等方法建立内精度场,实现与外精度场的统一。以某型设备为例进行试验表明,利用内外精度场测量同一检测点进行比较,测量的最大不一致误差为0.14 mm,证明构建模式可行、简单、可靠。     

激光器性能综合测试设备研制

介绍了激光器的主要性能指标,根据实际需要进行了激光性能测试设备的研究,提出了一种周全的激光性能测试设备研制方案,对该设备的结构设计、光路设计、以及测试方法作了详尽论述。设备中利用两对相互垂直的P分光镜和S分光镜以补偿偏振光在45°面上透反射率不同而造成的测量误差,进一步保证了激光能量测试的准确性。误差分析结果表明该设备满足实际应用中对激光器性能的测试要求。     

热处理对激光直接沉积成形A-100钢基体组织及性能的影响

研究了激光直接沉积成形A-100钢沉积态及热处理态组织,通过调整热处理工艺获得激光直接沉积成形A-100钢回火马氏体+回火贝氏体混合基体组织。不同热处理工艺下性能对比结果表明,相比淬火马氏体组织,回火贝氏体+回火马氏体混合组织具有更高的强度,但塑性有所下降。