硅橡胶/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料的制备与烧蚀结构的研究

苯并噁嗪树脂具有优异的成炭和抗高温氧化性能,是新一代的耐烧蚀树脂。以双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂为耐烧蚀树脂,采用1H-NMR、DSC和转矩流变仪研究其成环率和加工性能;以硅橡胶为耐烧蚀基体,采用熔融共混方法制备了硅橡胶苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料。进行力学和氧乙炔焰烧蚀检测,利用FT-IR、Raman和SEM研究复合材料综合性能和烧蚀结构。结果表明:苯并噁嗪树脂能够明显提高硅橡胶复合材料的耐烧蚀性能,当树脂添加量为20份时,复合材料具有较好的耐烧蚀和力学性能;该复合材料经过氧乙炔焰烧蚀后,烧蚀层形成表面陶瓷层、裂解炭化层和基体层。表面陶瓷层主要由SiO_2,SiC和C组成,裂解炭化层的主要组由C,SiO_2,SiC以及炭化彻底的碳和炭化不完全的有机结构组成。

Preparation of Silicon Rubber /2,2'- (3-methyl-4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxazine)Propane Ablative-resistant Composites and Its Ablative Structure

Benzoxazine resin is a new generation of anti-ablation resin with high char yield and high-temperature oxidation resistance. Using high temperature vulcanized silicon rubber as ablation resistance matrix and 2,2'-(3-methyl-4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxazine)pro-pane as anti-ablation resin,silicon rubber/polybenzoxazine anti-ablation composite was prepared by blending method.The mechanical properties were tested,and the ablation structure and the composition of the composite were investigated by DSC,SEM,FT-IR and Ra-man.Experimental results show that the polybenzoxazine resin can improve the ablation resistance property of silicone rubber composite. The composite has good ablation resistance and mechanical property when the addition of polybenzoxazine resin reaches 20 phr.After ablated by oxygen acetylene flame,the ablation layer is divided into three obvious layers as surface ceramic layer,pyrolysis carbonization layer and base layer.The surface ceramic layer formed in the progress of ablation plays a positive role in the ablation property of the composite material.