基于等效传感器和插值法的燃油量测量算法

以某型号飞机的机身油箱为例,提出了等效虚拟传感器的方法,将多根传感器测量值所确定的燃油面,用油箱中某个特殊位置的一虚拟传感器的值等效表示.建立虚拟传感器长度、飞机姿态中俯仰角和横滚角与燃油体积关系的三维数据表,利用插值的方法得到燃油量的近似值.利用Solidworks三维辅助设计软件对运用等效原理和插值法得到的燃油量进行验证,结果表明该方法测量精度高,计算结果可靠.而且等效原理的利用,使插值法涉及的数据量大大减少,达到了压缩数据的目的,便于在实际系统中的实现.      

高温富油燃气超声速燃烧数值模拟

发展了二维超燃流场的数值模拟计算程序 ,用来进行高温富油燃气超燃流场的数值计算。数值解法采用了 Mac Cormack预估 -校正两步显式格式求解矢通分裂形式的 N- S方程组 ,湍流模型采用了壁面率修正的 Baldwin- Lomax代数方程模型和用于剪切混合层的普朗特混合长度模型。在超燃计算中 ,应用 C2 H4- O2 两步反应的有限速率化学反应模型 ,模拟高温富油燃气超燃试验的试验状态。计算结果表明 ,在高温富油燃气超燃流场中 ,热量释放较少     

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.     

Comparison of autoignition characteristics of n-heptane, methylcyclohexane and toluene

The autoignition characteristics of three C7 hydrocarbon fuels,n-heptane,methylcyclohexane and toluene,were comparatively investigated.Ignitions were performed behind the reflected shock waves in a shock tube.The ignition delay times of these fuels were measured at the same igintion conditions with constant fuel mole fraction of 1.0%,equivalence ratio of 1.0,ignition pressure of 1.0×105 Pa(one more 2.0×105 Pa for n-heptane)and temperatures of 1 166-1 662 K.The correlation formula of ignition delay dependence of three fuels on igintion conditions was deduced separately.Results show that the ignition delay time of n-heptane is the shortest while that of toluene is the longest at the same ignition conditions.The ignition delay time of methylcyclohexane is most sensitive to the temperature while that of n-heptane is the least.The comparison of current ignition delay times with the predictions of available chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms has been presented to validate the reliability of mechanisms.The important chemical reactions during the ignition process have been obtained from the sensitivity analysis.     

丙烷结焦特性的电热管实验研究

通过实验及计算分析,给出了丙烷在不锈钢单管及复合铜管中的结焦阀温、壁温升高率、极限壁面温升、结焦率及结焦热阻等结焦特性,并讨论了几种因素对丙烷结焦的影响.实验结果可为氧/烃发动机冷却通道的设计提供依据.     

吸热型碳氢燃料研究进展

吸热型碳氢燃料是新型的高超音速飞行器超然冲压发动机用燃料,本文介绍了国内外对它的研究、应用以及发展趋势,重点从蒸汽重整、催化脱氢和裂解反应这三个方向论述了吸热型碳氢燃料的裂解和吸热过程研究情况.     

制备生物航煤山苍子果核油预处理工艺

山苍子果核油主要成分为月桂酸等,碳原子数主要分布于8~16,目前仅用于制备烷醇酰胺等低端产品,却是生物航煤的优良原料之一.通过双氧水脱色、复合吸附脱色及酶法脱胶等对山苍子果核油原料油进行预处理及参数最优化设计,脱色率可以达到 97.33%,磷脂含量由1.036 mg/g降低为0.036 mg/g.并确定双氧水脱色的最优实验参数为双氧水加入量15%,反应时间80 min,反应温度110℃;活性炭/改性活性白土复合吸附最优实验参数为活性炭用量W₁与改性活性白土用量W₂重量比W₁/W₂=1/15,反应时间40 min,反应温度80℃,吸附剂加入量4%;酶法脱胶最优实验参数为加酶量40 mg/kg,pH5.1,反应时间 2.5 h,反应温度48℃.该方法成本低、简单易行、原料油损耗率低,对山苍子果核油成分及性质影响较小,满足后续加氢实验要求,为得到高转化率生物航煤奠定了基础.     

RP-3航空煤油三组分替代燃料简化机理验证

利用机理自动简化程序ReaxRed对航空煤油RP-3三组分替代燃料半详细化学反应动力学模型采用两种方案分别进行了简化。方案一采用直接关系图（directed relation graph,DRG）法构建了109组分423步基元反应,方案二在方案一的结果上采用基于误差传播的DRG（directed relation graph based on error propagation,DRGEP）方法和计算奇异摄动（computational singular perturbation,CSP）法构建了84组分271步基元反应。结合点火延迟试验数据对方案二所构建的简化机理进行了验证,并且采用层流火焰速度、温度和重要产物等方面的数值计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:方案二所构建的简化机理在简化过程中保留一定的计算精度前提下更加经济实用,其中在各种工况下方案二简化机理和半详细机理的点火延迟时间之间的平均误差在6%以内并且它们在火焰传播速度方面平均误差在不超过8%。采用本生灯预混燃烧器为物理模型,以RP-3航空煤油为燃料,进行相应的试验研究来验证方案二的简化机理,结果表明该简化机理数值计算结果与试验数据较吻合。      

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

求解C_nH_mO_lN_k-空气系统化学平衡成分的双变量迭代法

燃烧过程和高温气体热力过程的计算需要求解燃气的化学平衡成分。本文提出了一种求解C_(n)H_(m)O_(l)N_(h)-空气系统化学平衡成分的双变量迭代法。与普通的简单迭代法相比,双变量迭代法的收敛性十分可靠;与赫夫法和怀特法相比,双变量迭代法的计算机程序十分简单、计算量极小(所需机时仅为前两者的10％～30％),而收敛性还有所改善。此外,对于贫油混气,文中还提出了双变量同时迭代的计算方案,使计算过程的收敛速度进一步提高。