快变换交流方波埋弧焊电源研制

设计了一种双逆变电路结构的快变换交流方波埋弧焊电源,该电源由全桥型一次逆变电路和半桥型二次逆变电路组成.二次逆变电路由续流耦合电感、小功率电压尖峰吸收保护逆变回馈电路、IGBT半桥电路构成.一次逆变电路采用了电压、电流双闭环控制,二次逆变电路采用“临界共同导通”的控制策略,并对其电路换向过程进行了分析.试验结果表明,这种交流方波埋弧焊电源在电流换向过程中换向速度快且无过零死区时间,保证了电弧稳定性,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

表面处理对热障涂层界面微结构的影响

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在单晶高温合金DD32上制备HY5金属粘结层,通过振动光饰、吹砂2种不同的表面处理方法改变粘结层表面状态,再在粘结层表面利用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备陶瓷层。研究了不同处理方法对粘结层表面状态的影响;测试了不同表面处理方法下制备的热障涂层的高温氧化性能并对比分析了它们的变化规律。此外,探讨了不同表面处理方法对界面元素成分及失效特征的影响。研究结果表明,通过表面处理可以去除粘结层表面较大的凸起,提高表面平整度,提高热障涂层抗氧化性能。与粗糙界面相比,光滑界面形成的TGO层均匀致密,Al含量高。经长时间的高温氧化后,粗糙界面的TGO层出现明显皱曲现象,陶瓷层开裂剥落。     

“嫦娥三号”巡视器热试验月面姿态模拟装置研制

月面巡视器在月表移动的过程中,月面起伏和月球(1/6)g重力会对巡视器的热控系统产生不利影响,因此需要在地面试验时对巡视器的热控系统的功能进行验证。文章通过对运动机构在真空低温环境下的适应性研究,研制了一套可以满足"嫦娥三号"巡视器真空热试验中使用的月表姿态模拟装置,该模拟装置通过2套螺旋升降机构实现了巡视器的俯仰和滚动模拟,并经过初样、正样热试验的2次大型试验的使用验证,圆满完成了试验任务,也为以后热试验中运动工装的设计奠定了基础。     

大厚度比窄焊缝不锈钢薄板缝焊工艺研究

采用电阻缝焊方法对航天推进剂贮箱用0.086 mm厚不锈钢网片(022Cr17Ni12Mo2)和1 mm厚不锈钢支板(1Cr18Ni9Ti)进行搭接缝焊工艺试验,通过控制不锈钢支板变形量和网片变形张力,检查焊缝外观质量、密封性和内部质量,解决了接头组合材料厚度比大于10:1和焊缝宽度1~1.2 mm的不锈钢薄板缝焊难题。研究结果表明,采用合适工艺参数可以避免缝焊过程焊缝成型不良等问题,保证了焊缝密封性;采用专用工装对缝焊过程不锈钢支板变形进行控制和焊后校形处理,可有效控制不锈钢薄板焊接变形;通过缝焊过程网片表面张力的调节,达到了控制网片性能的目的。     

基于ADRC迭代学习控制的四旋翼无人机姿态控制

针对农用无人机超低空表型遥感和喷药精准悬停易受地效扰动问题，提出了一种自适应ADRC姿态控制器。首先设计了基于ADRC的姿态控制器，结合四旋翼无人机平台在0.9~1.1、1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9、3.3~3.6 m/s侧向水平风、0.9~1.1 m/s （11°）、1.1~1.3 m/s （13°）、1.4~1.6 m/s （18°）、1.8~2.0 m/s （18°）、2.1~2.5 m/s （18°）前俯向风和侧俯向风下进行干扰的预测和控制量的补偿实验。实验结果显示使用ADRC姿态控制器后无人机抗风性能有较大提升。然而在存在初始误差时，ADRC固定带宽无法满足要求，进一步设计了自适应ADRC姿态控制器（ILC-ADRC）。通过迭代学习控制在线优化自抗扰控制器带宽，实现了不同增益观测器的自适应整定。实验结合四旋翼无人机平台分别进行了机头实际方向与期望方向偏离55°、90°、180°，水平风速1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9 m/s下使用ADRC和ILC-ADRC的对比。实验结果显示采用ILC-ADRC姿态控制器，在150次控制周期内，偏航角误差均在-15°~15°之间，满足四旋翼无人机偏航角控制精度要求，同时调节时间分别缩短了40%，16.67%，12.5%，53.33%，10.34%，13.95%，27.27%，58.66%，11.86%。     

Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps

Gurney Flaps (GFs) are used for improving the performance of variable speed tail rotors. A validated analytical helicopter model able to predict the main and tail rotor power is utilized. The fixed height GF has substantially small influence on the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed forward flight, and can obtain significant power reduction in high speed flight. This ability can be enhanced by decreasing the tail rotor speed. With the deployment of GF, the collective pitch of the tail rotor decreases, and the maximum tail rotor thrust increases. The GF can compensate the reduction of the maximum thrust by the decrease in the tail rotor speed. The GF with a height of 5% of the chord length can almost remedy 50% of the thrust reduction introduced by decreasing 10% of the tail rotor speed. With the increase of GF height, the maximum thrust generated by the tail rotor increases. The GF with larger height can cause the increase in the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed flight. The retractable GF can obtain more power savings than the fixed height GF. However, the benefit is substantially small even in high speed flight. Considering the side effects introduced by the active GF, the fixed height GF may be more preferable. The mechanism for the retractable GF to generate more tail rotor thrust is to increase the lift in advancing side due to the higher dynamic pressure.     

星上控温策略的地面模拟与验证

为充分验证卫星在轨温度控制策略的适用性和效果,针对航天器在轨温度控制的特点及方式,提出一种在地面模拟星上控温策略的方法。该方法包含:设计开发一套适用于航天器真空热试验的星上控温模拟系统及基于比例开关控制算法的星上控温模拟软件;采用并行驱动技术实现单个控温时间片为1 s的时间控制精度,工况稳定后温度控制误差不超过±0.3℃。该方法已成功应用于某型号卫星真空热试验过程,系统配置灵活、操作简单、控温周期短、控温精度高,实现了星上控温策略的有效验证。     

A deformation model of flexible,HAMR objects for accurate propagation under perturbations and the self-shadowing effects

A new type of space debris in near geosynchronous orbit (GEO) was recently discovered and later identified as exhibiting unique characteristics associated with high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects, such as high rotation rates and high reflection properties. Observations have shown that this debris type is very sensitive to environmental disturbances, particularly solar radiation pressure, due to the fact that its motion depends on the actual effective area, orientation of that effective area, reflection properties and the area-to-mass ratio of the object is not stable over time. Previous investigations have modelled this type of debris as rigid bodies (constant area-to-mass ratios) or discrete deformed body; however, these simplifications will lead to inaccurate long term orbital predictions. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable model of a thin, deformable membrane based on multibody dynamics. The membrane is modelled as a series of flat plates, connected through joints, representing the flexibility of the membrane itself. The mass of the membrane, albeit low, is taken into account through lump masses at the joints. The attitude and orbital motion of this flexible membrane model is then propagated near GEO to predict its orbital evolution under the perturbations of solar radiation pressure, Earth’s gravity field (J₂), third body gravitational fields (the Sun and Moon) and self-shadowing. These results are then compared to those obtained for two rigid body models (cannonball and flat rigid plate). In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of the flexible model by varying initial attitude and deformation angle (different shape) are investigated and compared with the two rigid models (cannonball and flat rigid plate) over a period of 100?days. The numerical results demonstrate that cannonball and rigid flat plate are not appropriate to capture the true dynamical evolution of these objects, at the cost of increased computational time.     

一种新的激光捷联惯导系统级温度补偿方法

激光捷联惯导工作时,惯组内的温度会随着时间不断升高,引起惯性器件标度因数和零偏的变化,从而无法满足惯组在全温范围内工作.因此,有必要采取相应措施来减少温度带来的误差.提出一种通过3次样条插值法建立初始模型,不断迭代计算模型偏差修正样条曲线的方法,确立激光陀螺和石英挠性加速度计的温度误差模型存入DSP 中,最终由导航计算机实现惯组输出的实时补偿.通过标定和静态通电验证了模型的正确性和重复性,为进一步提高惯导精度奠定了基础.     

电化学辅助沉积KH-570硅烷对AZ31B镁合金耐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学辅助沉积方法对AZ31B镁合金进行硅烷化处理,借助于动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试手段研究了γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)添加量对膜层质量及耐蚀性能的影响,并比较了利用羟基磷灰石(HA)颗粒、铈盐离子(Ce3+)两种改性物质改良硅烷溶液后所制得膜层的质量及耐蚀性能.结果表明:AZ31B镁合金经电化学辅助沉积硅烷处理后,表面生成一层均匀而致密的硅烷透明膜层,有效地减缓了镁合金的腐蚀行为,促使其自腐蚀电流密度大大降低;在硅烷电化学辅助沉积处理过程中,KH-570存在最佳添加量,当其添加体积约为8 mL时所制备出的硅烷膜层质量最好、耐蚀性能最佳;通过改良硅烷溶液,电化学辅助沉积制备的硅烷膜层质量进一步提高,Ce3+改良效果更佳.