极端瞬态力作用下金属壳谐振陀螺结构强度分析

金属壳谐振陀螺是利用驻波的进动特性来敏感输入角速率的一种新型壳体振动陀螺，其具有结构简单、功耗低、抗冲击性强、稳定性高等优点，可被广泛应用于中低精度角速度测量领域。针对极端瞬态力作用下金属壳谐振陀螺的结构强度进行了研究，在分析其工作原理和基本数学模型的基础上，利用有限元仿真方法，在通用炮射环境条件下进行了分析。通过仿真计算，给出了金属壳谐振陀螺的结构强度分析结果，验证了其抗过载能力。     

基于飞行参数的舰载机拦阻力统计建模与预计

拦阻钩是舰载飞机最重要的特征部件之一，对其受载进行测量、统计建模与预计具有重要的工程意义。在飞机拦阻动力学分析基础上确定了飞行数据统计建模所需的关键参数，结合某型机载荷试飞、机舰适配性试验，实测研究了飞机拦阻实际受载特点，采用线性或非线性方法统计建立了最大拦阻力与常规飞行参数之间的拟合函数关系，并得到了最大拦阻力的预计模型。建模、验模与预计结果表明，所选关键参数合理，能够充分反映拦阻钩的受载及其主要影响因素，采用纵向过载、啮合速度和发动机高压转速等参数建立的拦阻载荷统计模型可用于拦阻着陆或着舰试验时最大拦阻力的有效预测。     

涡轮泵滚动轴承-转子系统高速运行试验研究

针对涡轮泵转子的具体结构特点,解决了高速运行试验过程中的支承、驱动、轴承润滑冷却、振动测量、转子高速动平衡及轴向力加载控制等问题。结合旋转机械故障诊断技术,提出了高速动平衡效率、转子支承状态及轴向力加载状态的优化方法,并在试验过程中对该优化方法进行了验证,实现了涡轮泵转子的高速稳定运行。结果表明:涡轮泵转子高速运行试验应采用刚性连接的柔性联轴器;涡轮泵转子高速轴承需采用高压直喷式供油;通过平衡效率优化可将非线性振动影响下的转子一次平衡效率由30%提高至73.7%;为避免高速运行时产生基础松动,试验中滚动轴承外环应采用紧配合安装;轴向力应沿轴承周向均匀加载,其大小应根据轴承-转子系统具体结构及运行状态综合分析确定。     

昆虫的扑翼轨迹及高升力机理

通过昆虫飞行运动学测试系统测试了约束状态下蜻蜓、独角仙和鸣鸣蝉等3种昆虫飞行时的各项参数,分析了1个周期的扑翼过程、扑翼轨迹和翅膀变形等。蜻蜓的扑翼频率为22±3 Hz,独角仙的扑翼频率为30±5 Hz,鸣鸣蝉的扑翼频率为39±6 Hz;蜻蜓的翼尖轨迹为"8"字形,独角仙为类"8"字形,鸣鸣蝉为椭圆形;发现在下扑和仰旋阶段,翅膀形状近似为伞状,这种伞状效应能有效提高升力。研究昆虫飞行不同拍翅模式下的升力特性对微型飞行器的机动飞行设计有参考意义。     

弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器动力学特性系数测试

搭建了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的动力学特性测试试验台。利用两个正交方向的简谐激励对ERSFD进行了激振试验,在轴心为圆时测得了阻尼器的位移和载荷数据,并结合阻尼器质心的运动方程分别识别ERSFD油膜和弹性环的动力学特性系数。结果表明弹性环与油膜均具有显著的阻尼和刚度,其中油膜的阻尼和刚度系数随着凸台高度的升高迅速降低,弹性环的刚度和阻尼受凸台高度影响较小;弹性环的厚度对油膜的刚度和阻尼无显著影响;油膜阻尼随供油压力的升高先增大后不变,油膜刚度随着供油压力的升高先增大后减小。不确定度分析结果表明油膜的四个动力学特性系数Cxx、Cyy、Kxx、Kyy的不确定度分别为12.2%、11.5%、18.2%、12.7%。弹性环的四个动力学特性系数Cxx、Cyy、Kxx、Kyy的不确定度分别为30.7%、33.1%、17.0%、12.8%。      

超空泡航行体流体动力数值研究

超空泡技术作为水中航行体增速减阻的重要手段已经成为了共识。超空泡航行体作为目前最具有应用前景的水下航行体,对其流体动力变化规律的研究具有重要的意义。基于有限体积方法,结合N-S方程与空化模型,建立了超空泡航行体自由运动的非定常流场求解数值模拟方法。通过对非定常超空泡流场计算结果的分析,对航行体的流体动力进行分解和建模。结合相关理论分析,确定了超空泡航行体流体动力公式。研究表明,尾拍力与空泡壁面形状、航行速度及尾部沾湿面积等密切相关。     

Experimental study on drilling basalt with self-vibratory drilling head

Based on the goal of improving the rock breaking ability when drilling asteroid rock samples under limited energy conditions, this paper proposes a method of drilling rock using self-vibratory drilling head and develops a small self-vibratory drilling head for drilling rock. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of drilling rock with self-vibratory drilling head, a rock model hypothesis that the rock consists of a series of micro-segment uniform continuous media is put forward. Base on the hypothesis, the model of drilling rock is constructed, the stability lobes diagram of self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt is plotted, and the energy mechanism of drilling rock system with self-vibratory drilling head is discussed. The comparison tests of drilling basalt by three kinds of self-vibratory drilling head with different spring stiffness and the conventional method are carried out. The rotational speed is a variable in the comparative tests. The test results show that under the specific rotational speed and spring stiffness, self-excited vibration is produced in self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt. When self-excited vibration drilling is conducted, although the amplitude fluctuation range of the drilling thrust force is wider than that of conventional drilling, the average drilling thrust force is smaller than the conventional drilling. The amplitude of drilling thrust force increases with an increase in spring stiffness. The method of drilling rock by self-vibratory drilling head is proved to be a potential method for viable drilling of asteroid rock samples.     

组合体航天器智能协同姿态控制研究

组合体航天器在姿态机动过程中的各单体卫星承受的控制力是不均匀的，局部控制力过大将会导致组合链接断裂而失效。应用多体动力学理论建立了组合体航天器间的相互作用模型，对内力、内力矩与整星姿态、控制力矩之间的关系进行了分析；仿真了极端情况下的内力矩分布，其大小可能超过常用对接机构的力矩承受范围；采用粒子群算(PSO)法对控制合力矩进行优化分配，通过预设初值和继承初值来加快PSO算法的收敛速度，实时调整各星控制力矩分配比例，减小星间相互作用力，实现组合体航天器的智能协同控制，保证组合体航天器的连接铰不因受力过大而损坏。算法仿真和Adams软件验证分析表明，本文建立的相互作用模型可准确计算出星间相互作用力，提出的智能协同姿控算法可显著降低姿控过程中的星间内力，确保组合体航天器的安全。     

栅格翼高超音速气动力及气动热特性研究

本文采取有效的多块结构网格生成策略，对栅格翼导弹生成了高质量的贴体结构网格，并采用数值模拟的方法对高超音速栅格翼导弹气动力及气动热特性进行计算与分析。重点对比了3种不同翼剖面对高超音速气动力及热特性的影响。计算结果表明：对于统一的栅格翼外形，平板翼剖面力及热特性最差；圆弧头部翼剖面驻点热流密度最小；楔形+圆弧头部翼剖面阻力最小。     

Neural network-based sliding mode control for atmospheric-actuated spacecraft formation using switching strategy

This paper presents an adaptive neural networks-based control method for spacecraft formation with coupled translational and rotational dynamics using only aerodynamic forces. It is assumed that each spacecraft is equipped with several large flat plates. A coupled orbit-attitude dynamic model is considered based on the specific configuration of atmospheric-based actuators. For this model, a neural network-based adaptive sliding mode controller is implemented, accounting for system uncertainties and external perturbations. To avoid invalidation of the neural networks destroying stability of the system, a switching control strategy is proposed which combines an adaptive neural networks controller dominating in its active region and an adaptive sliding mode controller outside the neural active region. An optimal process is developed to determine the control commands for the plates system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based method. Comparative results through numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of executing attitude control while maintaining the relative motion, and higher control accuracy can be achieved by using the proposed neural-based switching control scheme than using only adaptive sliding mode controller.