大型民用飞机模型Ф5m立式风洞尾旋特性试验研究

为了研究某常规布局(大展弦比、后掠翼、翼吊式发动机)大型民用飞机的尾旋特性,制作了一个满足动力相似准则的无动力缩比模型,在Ф5m立式(尾旋)风洞中首次进行了大型民用飞机模型在不同构型、不同重心位置、不同重量、模拟不同飞行高度条件下的尾旋研究试验。试验结果表明,这架飞机的尾旋特性良好,模型在尾旋运动中比较稳定,旋转方向不发生改变,且旋转速度较慢。采用反舵(到底)推杆(到底)法可以满足所有状态下的尾旋改出,模型最快能够在不超过1/2圈或1s中改出。此种改出方法操作简便,是一种适合于大型民用飞机的尾旋改出方法。通过反尾旋伞试验确定了最佳的反尾旋伞参数。     

导流角对激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机环形射流入口导流角对激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响,以H2/O2/N2混合气为介质,对不同导流角下激波聚焦起爆爆震的过程进行了数值模拟,并开展导流角对激波聚焦起爆爆震影响的冷态实验,共同揭示其影响规律。结果表明:导流角越大,射流碰撞压力和温度越高,碰撞时间提前,更容易起爆爆震,但激波聚焦时间在导流角大于11°时基本不变；导流角越大,凹面腔内气流振荡频率越大,凹面腔底部的动压幅值越小。      

陶瓷基复合材料旋转爆震燃烧室壁面冷却研究

为了降低旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面温度，设计了陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室主动冷却结构。对燃烧室主动冷却结构的传热特性进行数值模拟，获得主动冷却燃烧室壁面温度响应和温度分布规律。对燃烧室主动冷却结构进行了模型简化，将模拟旋转爆震波获得的不同壁面温度下的热流密度参数加载在冷却模型上，提高了壁面温度模拟的计算效率。结果表明：燃烧室内壁面热流密度随着壁面温度的升高而降低，扩散区的平均热流密度最大；陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室主动冷却结构可以有效降低燃烧室壁面温度，在相同冷却流量下，矩形冷却截面的冷却效果优于圆形冷却截面，可以将燃烧室壁面的温度降到1 200 K以下；燃烧室壁面最高温度在燃烧室中段区域。     

Aerodynamic characteristics of co-flow jet wing with simple high-lift devices

Numerical investigations are conducted to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) wing with simple high-lift devices during low-speed takeoff and landing. Effects of three crucial parameters of CFJ wing, i.e., angle of attack, jet momentum and swept angle, are comprehensively examined. Additionally, the aerodynamic characteristics of two CFJ configurations, i.e., using open and discrete slots for injection, are compared. The results show that applying CFJ technique to a wing with simple high-lift device is able to generate more lift, reduce drag and enlarge stall margin with lower energy expenditure due to the super-circulation effect. Increasing the jet intensity can reduce the drag significantly, which is mainly contributed by the reaction jet force. The Oswald efficiency factor is, in some circumstances, larger than one, which indicates the potential of CFJ in reducing induced drag. Compared with clean wing configuration, using CFJ technique allows the aerodynamic force variation less sensitive to the swept angle, and such phenomenon is better observed for small swept angle region. Eventually, it is interesting to know that the discrete slotted CFJ configuration demonstrates a promising enhancement in aerodynamic performance in terms of high lift, low drag and efficiency.     

真实爆震载荷作用下爆震室等寿命设计方法

结合内径为60mm的等壁厚爆震室，建立其有限元模型并施加真实爆震载荷，确定其疲劳载荷谱类型为周期性常幅谱。通过有限元模型和静态载荷作用下的解析模型分析得出爆震室壁厚和动力放大系数之间的相互影响关系，壁厚通过动力放大系数对自身进行调整，该过程中内壁的等效应力最大值逼近目标应力，以此为基础提出爆震室等寿命设计方法。根据计算结果设计加工变壁厚爆震室试验段，通过试验测量变壁厚爆震室外壁3个测点的应变，并估算3个测点内壁处的疲劳寿命，发现3个疲劳寿命最大误差为8.82%，考虑到试验与数值计算的工况误差可认为3个测点处寿命相同，验证了爆震室等寿命设计方法的正确性。      

Design and optimization of supersonic turbines for detonation combustors

Detonation-based engines offer a potential surge in efficiency for compact thermal power systems. However, these cycles require ad-hoc components adapted to the high outlet velocity from the detonation combustors. This paper presents the design methodology of turbine stages suitable for supersonic inlet conditions and provides a detailed analysis of optimized turbine geometries. A reduced-order solver examines the supersonic blade rows’ functional design space, quantifies the turbine’s non-isentropic performance, and budgets the turbine loss for different optimized leading-edge designs and chord to pitch ratios. The shock-wave interactions were identified as the predominant contributor to turbine losses, and optimal pitch-chord ratios were determined for various inlet Mach numbers. Finally, with this tool, the specific-power output for a wide range of design configurations was computed; and the metal angle that ensures flow starting and maximizes power extraction was calculated. The detailed numerical study describes the flow interactions in a supersonic turbine and offers new correlations to guide the design of future supersonic turbines.     

中远红外高功率量子级联激光技术研究进展

量子级联激光器具有体积小，重量轻，波长可调谐，以及光源能够覆盖中远红外和太赫兹波段等特点，使其在痕量气体检测、定向红外对抗、自由空间光通讯以及红外成像和光谱等领域有着广泛的应用。自从1994年第一个量子级联激光器问世以来，大功率、高电光效率以及室温下连续工作的量子级联激光器一直是人们追求的目标。首先介绍了量子级联激光器的有源层设计、波导设计和器件散热设计方面的研究进展；其次重点讨论了4 μm~5 μm 中波红外和 8 μm~12 μm长波红外高功率室温下连续量子级联激光器的发展和演变、以及大功率脉冲量子级联激光器研究情况；最后简要介绍了大功率量子级联激光器芯片的外延制备技术。     

脉冲爆震发动机中温度和组分浓度测量技术的发展

脉冲爆震发动机内部工作条件极其恶劣,测量爆震波温度和某组分浓度十分困难。本文回顾了近几年国内外在爆震温度场测量方面的技术发展,特别是应用激光诊断技术测量爆震波的温度和某些组分浓度。总结了国内外应用光学诊断技术测得的爆震波火焰温度,结果发现:对气体燃料/氧气而言,在化学恰当比下一般其爆震波温度大约为3900K,与CJ理论值非常接近;然而对液态燃料JP-10而言,当氧化剂为氧气时,爆震波温度为2500K;当氧化剂为空气时,爆震波温度仅仅约为1500K。     

基于适航的通航飞机左边界飞行安全研究

失速/尾旋一直是通航飞机面临的最严重的左边界飞行安全问题，失速/尾旋事故统计结果表明，具备尾旋改出能力，不能避免失速/尾旋造成灾难性后果。为了避免飞机出现无意偏离可控飞行的趋势，通过对“多重防御”理念和基于此理念修订的失速/尾旋条款及其符合性验证方法的解析，提出通过提升飞行员的状态感知、增强飞机抗偏离特性和降低失控危害程度等层面的通航飞机左边界飞行的多重防御体系构建方法。本文提出的方法有助于通航飞机更好的符合新规章中失速尾旋适航条款的要求，达到提升左边界飞行安全的目的。     

Oblique detonation wave triggered by a double wedge in hypersonic flow

Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a single wedge, the present study considers oblique shock interactions attached to double wedges in a hypersonic combustible flow. The temperature/pressure increases sharply across the interaction zone that initiates an exothermic reaction, finally resulting in an Oblique Detonation Wav...