限制域形状对分层火焰和燃烧不稳定性的影响

本文在中心分级燃烧室中研究限制域形状对火焰结构及燃烧不稳定性的影响。实验过程中,使用带有CH*滤镜的相机拍摄火焰图像,使用动态压力传感器测量压力脉动。结果表明,突扩限制域和斜坡限制域中的时均火焰结构相似。但突扩限制域中的火焰动态结构呈现出周期性变化,并伴随着压力振荡。而斜坡限制域中的火焰动态结构基本不变,且压力脉动接近于零,主要原因是斜坡限制域中的旋涡脱落过程受限,旋涡与火焰的相互作用被大幅削弱。通过改变主燃级通道流速调节延迟时间,发现突扩限制域中会出现压力振幅的周期性变化,而斜坡限制域中始终保持稳定燃烧。本文的研究表明使用斜坡限制域有潜力成为在宽工况范围内有效抑制燃烧不稳定的被动控制方法。     

高速燃油离心泵空化特性分析

为揭示高速燃油离心泵内部空化形态及隔舌区域空化的发生工况,对其进行了非定常数值计算,分析了不同流量下高速燃油泵内空化流场特性及压力瞬态特性。结果表明：在不同流量下,空泡首先在叶片前缘生成;随着空化数降低,空泡在叶片根部及延伸叶片背面产生;在1.2倍设计流量下隔舌区域的空化在低空化数下发生;空化对叶片表面根部的压力载荷影响较大;叶轮流道监测点压力脉动主频为叶轮轴频;隔舌监测点脉动主频为叶频,在1.2倍设计流量下的低空化数下隔舌区域监测点压力脉动频谱上轴频倍频特征增强。     

水温对空化流动影响的数值研究

为了研究温度升高对翼型表面空化流动的影响,以水为介质,首先对几种现有空化模型的预测能力进行了对比分析,发现Singhal模型能够较准确预测空化区的形状、压力和温度分布。通过添加空化引起的能量源项、耦合介质物性参数与温度关系等方式考虑了热力学效应的影响,并利用现有实验数据充分验证了仿真方法的可靠性,发现考虑热力学效应对压力分布影响较小,但是会导致空化区最大温降减小10%左右。基于建立的仿真方法,对298K～393K温度范围内空化流动进行数值仿真,发现空化区温降随温度升高而增大,但是空化区面积随温度变化在T=353K存在拐点,T353K时,空化区面积随温度升高而增大;而T≥353K时,空化区随温度升高而减小。最后研究了雷诺数变化对空化发展的影响,发现雷诺数增大有一定促进作用,而温度升高同时导致热力学效应增强(抑制空化)和雷诺数增大(促进空化),正是这两种相反作用之间的平衡决定着温度对空化流动的影响。     

横流不稳定性转捩预测模型

由于Langtry和Menter提出的γ-Re_θt边界层转捩模型只能预测流向的边界层转捩现象,因此继续改进该转捩模型使其具有横流不稳定性转捩的预测能力显得非常必要。通过对经典Falkner-Skan-Cooke (FSC)三维边界层相似解的理论分析和数值求解,结合Thwaites压力梯度因子与当地后掠角构建的函数关系来求解复杂构型的当地Hartree压力梯度因子β_H以及形状因子H₁₂,采用由试验数据标定的C1准则关系式获得横流转捩位移厚度雷诺数,从而建立能够对复杂构型进行横流不稳定性转捩预测的转捩判据。应用所建模型对30°前缘后掠角的ONERA-M6机翼和变前缘后掠角的DLR-F5机翼以及标准6:1椭球标模进行了横流不稳定转捩数值模拟,计算结果显示转捩位置均与试验数据吻合较好,证明了该模型的合理性和实用性。     

Experimental investigation of thermal effect on cavitation characteristics in a liquid rocket engine turbopump inducer

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of water temperature on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments at different temperatures have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility. It is found that higher temperature shows little influence on the non-cavitation performance and breakdown characteristic in the investigated range. The relationship between cavitation development and pressure fluctuation has been discussed in detail. Higher temperature displays a remarkable stabilization effect on the cavitation excited pressure. In particular, the inception cavitation numbers of both the super-synchronous rotating cavitation and synchronous rotating cavitation are decreased at higher temperatures, and the corresponding frequencies are not affected, while the amplitudes are distinctly reduced, and the occurrence range of synchronous rotating cavitation is significantly narrowed. A generalized Rayleigh-Plesset equation has been employed to account for the thermal effect on the bubble development, which may provide a deep insight in understanding the experimental results. Thermal effect is found to act as a remarkable dissipation mechanism to suppress the bubble growth, smooth the collapse. In particular, the excited pressure during collapse is smaller at higher temperatures, which may lead to the stabilization effect of high temperature in this study.     

潜射导弹大攻角空化流动特性计算研究

潜射导弹水下高速运动时,弹体表面的空化现象对导弹的受力及力学环境有重要影响。通 过数值模拟,对大攻角情况下空化流动的特性进行研究,计算结果与试验值吻合较好, 验证了数值算法的准确性。得到弹体表面的压力分布情况,获取了不同攻角下空泡的不同形 态,分析了不同攻角、空泡数对弹体受力的影响。     

无碰撞激波上游低频波的激发及其对激波耗散机制的影响

由于很大一部分来自激波上游的粒子被激波面所反射,因此在准平行无碰撞激波的上游存在着等离子体束流．通过一维混合模拟方法,计算了束流密度较小(nb／n0=0．02)和较大(nb／n0=0．2)两种不同情形下的等离子体束流不稳定性．结果表明,在束流密度较小时,束流激发的主要是平行于背景磁场方向传播的右旋波,此波动只能对束流粒子产生影响,包括减速和加热．在束流密度较大时,束流可同时激发平行和反平行于背景磁场方向传播的右旋波,除能对束流粒子产生影响外,还可通过非共振作用加速和加热背景粒子．文中对准平行无碰撞激波耗散机制的影响也进行了讨论。     

基于对流换热的低温空化流动数值模拟研究

为了考虑低温介质的热力学效应对空化发展的影响,基于气泡表面对流换热平衡建立了温降与气泡生长的关系,引入夹带理论估计了对流换热系数,并对一种输运型空化模型进行修正,将修正后的空化模型以二次开发的形式嵌入至商业软件中,同时引入能量方程源项以及物性参数随温度变化关系,对二维翼型表面空化流动进行数值仿真,通过与实验结果的对比,发现计算结果与实验结果符合较好,修正后的空化模型能够更好地预测空化区内温度的分布,最大温降偏差由62.18%降低至7.14%,平均温度偏差由0.59%降低至0.28%。考虑热效应之后,空化区主要由气液混合组成,来自主流的液体一部分经对流传递至空化区,一部分在翼型头部和气液界面处发生空化形成蒸汽,导致空化区气相体积分数显著减小,空化区与主流之间的界面变得模糊,最大温降和压降均发生在翼型头部位置。     

突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定控制方法

为实现对突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定的高效控制,采用实验手段和数值模拟开展了低频燃烧不稳定的控制方法研究。开展了燃料脉冲喷射开环主动控制实验研究,发现燃料脉冲喷射所形成的周期性放热是抑制压强振动的主要原因。这种周期性放热与压强振动反相时会明显削弱压强振荡幅度,所以喷射相位角是影响控制效果的主要因素。对空气喷射控制方式进行了大涡模拟,这种方式能够比较有效地干扰突扩面上大尺度旋涡的形成,起到较好的抑制效果。对燃烧室突扩构型进行改进,开展了被动控制的数值模拟,通过采用台阶突扩面的被动控制方式指出了破坏大尺度旋涡的形成和切断振动能量的正反馈机制是实现燃烧不稳定被动控制的主要途径。     

Theory and Simulation of Reconnection

Reconnection is a major commonality of solar and magnetospheric physics. It was conjectured by Giovanelli in 1946 to explain particle acceleration in solar flares near magnetic neutral points. Since than it has been broadly applied in space physics including magnetospheric physics. In a special way this is due to Harry Petschek, who in 1994 published his ground breaking solution for a 2D magnetized plasma flow in regions containing singularities of vanishing magnetic field. Petschek’s reconnection theory was questioned in endless disputes and arguments, but his work stimulated the further investigation of this phenomenon like no other. However, there are questions left open. We consider two of them – “anomalous” resistivity in collisionless space plasma and the nature of reconnection in three dimensions. The CLUSTER and SOHO missions address these two aspects of reconnection in a complementary way -- the resistivity problem in situ in the magnetosphere and the 3D aspect by remote sensing of the Sun. We demonstrate that the search for answers to both questions leads beyond the applicability of analytical theories and that appropriate numerical approaches are necessary to investigate the essentially nonlinear and nonlocal processes involved. Necessary are both micro-physical, kinetic Vlasov-equation based methods of investigation as well as large scale (MHD) simulations to obtain the geometry and topology of the acting fields and flows.