一种结合深度学习的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方法

针对高动态环境下视觉同步定位与地图构建（Simultaneous Localization And Mapping,SLAM）系统的可靠性受运动模糊的限制,研究了一种基于生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network,GAN)和AKAZE特征点的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方案。首先对因相机快速运动而产生的模糊图像进行AKAZE特征点的提取与检测,并根据特征点分布的丰富程度计算图像块权重,结合灰度图像的方差信息建立特征点与模糊程度之间的量化关系表;之后将达到模糊分数阈值的图像同步输入至改进GAN网络模型,该网络以端对端的形式恢复中心模糊帧的纹理信息,最后将输出的清晰图像重新进行位姿估计参与ORB-SLAM2后端优化过程。在公开数据集TUM上进行测试,对于受模糊影响较严重的数据集,方案可以明显降低相机轨迹估计的整体误差,同时维持较好的鲁棒性。     

磁阻型电磁发射系统的发射体形态优化研究

根据磁阻型电磁发射原理及驱动线圈内部磁场分布情况,推导了基于线性化电感的发射体运动模型,给出了一个用于计算发射体在线圈中的受力和加速情况的简化方法,并归纳了部分影响因素。使用ANSYS Maxwell仿真软件对不同形状发射体在线圈中的受力变化进行仿真分析。研究结果为实际磁阻型电磁发射中应用的发射体形状设计提供了参考。     

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both. Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time (FHT). To implement the proposed RUL estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring (CM) data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.     

表面触觉再现技术现状和评估方法

表面触觉再现技术可通过裸指触摸屏幕来感知物体特性,在多媒体终端实现高效自然的交互,具有巨大的研究价值,因而得到国内外研究学者的广泛关注。然而,现有研究多集中于力觉交互设备,未对表面触觉再现设备进行系统分析,且对设备的各项性能评价过于主观,未给出客观可信的表面触觉再现技术评估标准。首先,在充分研究现有表面触觉再现技术的基础上,重点对近十年表面触觉再现技术进行补充和完善。将表面触觉再现设备分为振动式、压力式、压膜式、静电力式和电刺激式,重点从工作原理、装置构成和性能指标等方面对典型设备进行详细分析和介绍,总结设备在触觉表达方面存在的优缺点。然后,针对现有评价方式过于粗糙和主观的问题,提出一种表面触觉再现技术的评估方法。通过制造难度、工作区间等7种评价指标全面评价设备的性能,采用专家打分法和层次分析法获得振动式、压力式、压膜式、静电力式4种设备在每种评价指标下的权重,并对4种设备在多媒体终端应用中的性能优劣进行排序,为不同领域下选择和评价表面触觉再现设备提供参考。最后,总结现有设备的不足,讨论其未来的研究和改进方向。      

基于奇异值分解的单框架变速控制力矩

摘要： 本文提出一种新的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMGs）的角动量管理方法.将VSCMGs的控制力矩(CMGs)模式和飞轮模式分开求解同步输出,对CMGs模式力矩输出进行奇异值分解,只有CMGs模式接近奇异的时候,在奇异方向上的指令力矩才会分配一部分给RWs模式,从而在保证VSCMGs输出精度的情况下尽量充分的利用VSCMGs的执行能力.同时角动量管理算法中还引入零运动来实现转子轮速平衡以及框架构型避奇异,并且考虑了框架角速度死区非线性以及忽略项的补偿问题.仿真结果表明,所设计的操纵律在航天器大角度快速姿态机动时,可以实现高精度的大力矩输出.     

屏蔽式总温热电偶的稳态误差分析及改型设计

针对航空发动机排气温度高精度测试的需求,采用流热耦合的数值模拟方法研究了某型屏蔽式热电偶在马赫数为0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6五种工况下的速度误差、导热误差、辐射误差的大小和变化趋势,以及偶丝长径比、屏蔽罩进出口面积比对屏蔽式热电偶稳态误差的影响规律。结果表明:在马赫数小于0.3工况下,辐射误差占总误差的比例最高;而在马赫数为0.6工况下,导热误差成为影响测温精度的最主要因素;合理地增加偶丝长径比能显著地降低导热误差,减小进出口面积比值会使速度误差增大辐射误差减少;因此,存在最佳的进出口面积比使得总稳态误差最小。最后选取了偶丝长径比为12,屏蔽罩进出口面积比为6对原屏蔽式热电偶进行了改型设计,使该屏蔽式热电偶的总稳态误差降低50%以上。      

温度载荷作用下胶接位置误差对精密马达系统运动精度稳定性影响机理

研究了温度场作用下胶接位置误差对精密马达系统运动精度稳定性的影响问题。在对精密马达系统的结构分析基础上,简化并建立了马达系统的胶接部件“圆环-框架”的胶接有限元仿真模型,分析了仿真模型的收敛性,进行仿真并得到了带有装配位置误差的胶接结构热应力场的形成机理以及位置误差对马达系统精度稳定性的定量影响规律。圆环的热应力主要来源是使用的胶和金属件的热膨胀系数相差较大,从而引起的热变形不协调。圆环装配偏心每增加10μm,会导致圆环在半径方向有10nm数量级的质心位移。在经历一定的温度循环之后,圆环偏心每增加10μm会导致在半径方向产生1nm数量级的质心位移,这会对马达系统的运动精度以及精度稳定性产生不利影响。根据研究结论,在实际装配生产的过程中,应当严格控制装配偏心量,以减小胶接位置误差对马达系统的影响。     

基于运动捕捉系统的多旋翼飞行器实时测姿算法

旋翼飞行器的室内自主飞行是目前研究的热点之一。在室内飞行过程中,飞行器姿态和位置信息可以通过运动捕捉系统（Motion Capture System,MCS）来进行实时测量,从而为机载低成本MEMS惯性导航系统提供校正信息。结合四旋翼飞行器的结构特性,提出了一种五点实时测姿算法。相对于目前MCS常用的测姿算法,该算法可以降低标记点安装引起的测姿误差。室内实验结果表明,该算法测姿精度高,并且能够有效实现四旋翼飞行器室内动态实时姿态测量,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.