星敏感器姿态测量相对基准偏差在轨标校方法研究

摘要： 对航天器星敏感间姿态测量基准偏差在轨标校及性能评估问题进行研究.建立包含敏感器安装误差与测量误差的星敏感器模型,针对两种不同形式的安装误差模型,推导出相应的观测方程,基于卡尔曼滤波方法设计相对基准偏差估计器,并比较分析两种估计器实际应用特点.然后针对在轨实际应用,给出一种基于敏感器光轴夹角的标校性能评估方法,通过数学仿真验证星敏感器相对基准偏差的标校的有效性,并基于在轨数据的标校应用获取相对基准偏差在轨特性.     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

航海光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统快速对准技术研究

针对中小型水面舰船对航海惯导系统快速对准的实际需求,结合光纤陀螺的误差特性,提出一种针对航海光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统的快速对准方法。该方法充分考虑光纤陀螺启动特性对惯导系统对准精度的影响,在对准过程中保存光纤陀螺输出平稳后的数据,并利用基于正反向联合导航和滤波的方法,重复利用输出平稳后的数据,缩短对准时间,提高系统对准精度。经过实际的舰载试验验证表明,采取该方法后,所研制的航海光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统在对准时间20min条件下的导航精度相当于传统方法对准时间1h条件下的导航精度,显示了本方法的正确性和有效性,为航海光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统的进一步工程应用提供了有力支撑。     

自适应渐消Kalman滤波算法在RTK中的应用研究

在动态载波相位差分定位(RTK)中,由于观测环境复杂,会经常发生周跳、卫星信号失锁等情况,严重影响基线解算的连续性和可靠性。针对动态应用环境,提出了一种Kalman滤波算法在RTK技术中的应用方法。该方法可以实时估计模糊度浮点解及其协方差矩阵,在需要重新固定模糊度时可直接用于搜索,起到了周跳修复的作用。此外,采用了自适应渐消Kalman滤波算法提高算法的动态适应性,并引入独立的滑动窗进行新息的收集和处理,解决了由于参考星变化或卫星信号失锁造成观测量中断而无法准确计算新息协方差的难题。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在模糊度发生变化时快速收敛,并且相对于一般Kalman滤波算法在高动态下提高了模糊度浮点解的精度,提高了后续模糊度搜索的效率和固定成功率。     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

滤波减速器有限长轮齿接触表面混合润滑分析

综合考虑了轮齿接触几何、啮合点法向载荷、齿向参数、真实表面粗糙度、润滑剂流变特性等因素,建立了滤波减速器轮齿混合润滑数值分析模型,采用复合迭代法和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法分别求解Reynolds方程和弹性变形方程,获得了轮齿接触表面混合润滑分析完全数值解,得到了滤波减速器在啮入点、节点和啮出点的压力与平均油膜厚度,以及转速对轮齿接触表面平均油膜厚度和接触比的影响.结果表明:在啮入点、啮出点及节点处,沿齿宽方向的压力分布不相等,两侧压力较大,而在啮入点处的两侧压力突变相对较小,且平均油膜厚度最大;对于粗糙轮齿接触表面,随着滤波减速器转速逐渐降低,啮入点、节点及啮出点的平均油膜厚度随之减小,接触比增加,润滑效果变差,并且在同一工况下粗糙轮齿接触表面的啮合点平均油膜厚度小于光滑轮齿表面的平均油膜厚度.      

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

多分量雷达辐射源信号的检测与分离

针对多分量雷达辐射源信号难以有效检测与分离的问题,提出了时频变换结合时变滤波的方法。通过图像分割中的区域生长法在时频平面对各分量进行检测,对其中的线性调频分量采用分数阶傅里叶变换进行优先分离,再对时频或频域没有耦合的分量进行滤波,最后通过支持向量机划分分类线,用于时频耦合分量的分离。仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以对多分量信号进行有效的检测与分离。     

光电自准直仪自适应光源设计方法研究

介绍了一种自适应光源设计方法。利用反馈原理自动校正自准直光源参数,调节发光强度,降低了自准直仪对反光面、使用环境的苛刻要求,提高了仪器的环境通用性及测量精度。