姿轨控发动机开机充填和关机传热特性

以双组元姿轨控液体火箭发动机为研究对象,为提高其响应速度和安全可靠性,通过实验和仿真对其开机充填和关机传热特性进行了研究。开展了透明喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程的实验研究,采用高速相机进行液流拍摄,对喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程进行仿真计算,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了流体体积模型计算的合理性。仿真结果表明地面状态各安装方向下...     

基于贝叶斯因子和二阶概率方法的圣地亚热传导模型确认挑战问题

针对美国圣地亚国家实验室为促进模型确认方法的发展所提出的热传导挑战问题,根据现代模型确认思想总结了该挑战问题解答中应包含的核心内容。在确认度量环节采用贝叶斯因子考察了实验数据是否支持所给模型,在此基础上通过二阶概率方法得到了模型预测的分布,以此计算出模型预测结论的置信度。该过程中考虑了模型参数的随机不确定性和认知不确定性,最后通过灵敏度分析辨识了模型参数的不确定性对模型预测的影响。研究表明该挑战问题中的实验数据支持所给模型,模型预测受导热系数的不确定性影响最大,模型预测材料在调控条件下的失效概率不满足调控要求,该结论的置信度为99.97%。     

舰载飞机着舰拦阻动力学研究综述简

 拦阻着舰过程通常被认为是舰载飞机事故率最高的阶段,因此,自从有了航空母舰和舰载飞机,拦阻着舰动力学就一直是国内外相关研究人员的研究热点。本文从拦阻钩、拦阻装置和起落架3个关键部件着手,比较详细地论述了舰载飞机着舰拦阻涉及到的关键动力学问题及其研究现状,重点对拦阻钩弹跳动力学及其载荷分析、拦阻索动力学及其载荷分析、下沉速度、非对称拦阻对起落架载荷的影响、拦阻系统动力学等方面进行了综述。最后,对着舰拦阻动力学研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于Kane方程的拖曳式诱饵释放过程动态特性分析

研究了航空拖曳式诱饵释放过程中的动态特性。根据诱饵的运动状态,将释放过程划分为自由状态、放索状态和拖曳状态。利用Kane方程建立了拖曳式诱饵释放的多体系统动力学模型,其中拖索离散为若干段刚性杆,诱饵视为刚体与拖索铰接,其上的作用力包括铰约束力、气动力和重力。针对放索过程中第1个索段质量时变引起的变质量动力学问题,采用Generalized-α算法进行时域求解。在此基础上分析了载机不同飞行高度、飞行速度、拖索释放速度以及拖曳点位置对诱饵释放过程中动态特性的影响。结果表明:在低空高速下释放,诱饵的俯仰角幅值较小,质心相对位置变化较稳定,收敛速度较快,但载机飞行速度过大时,诱饵容易靠近载机尾流区并受其影响;放索速度增大时,诱饵俯仰角幅值增大,质心会出现纵向沉浮运动;拖曳点远离重心时,俯仰角震荡幅值增大,当靠近重心时,收敛性变差,应合理设计并优化拖曳点位置和放索速度。     

高超声速二元进气道前体曲线激波逆向设计

为实现高超声速二元进气道前体激波的压缩能力、压缩效率、流量捕获特性和结构长度可控,提出了平面曲线激波逆向设计方法。采用B-Spline曲线控制激波形状。利用有旋特征线法,求解激波的影响域及决定激波的壁面。设计了一凹激波,并对波后流场进行CFD无黏数值模拟,CFD结果和设计结果一致,验证了设计方法的可行性。此外,还设计了直激波、凹激波和凸激波3种激波,并对其在设计点和非设计点处的性能开展了数值研究。在设计点处,分析了激波的压缩比、激波的总压恢复系数、激波压缩区的压升、激波压缩区出口马赫数和流动角随激波控制角的变化规律。在非设计点处,分析了激波压缩区的流量系数和总压恢复系数随攻角和马赫数的变化规律。     

基于试验设计的高负荷轴流压气机叶顶喷气参数化研究

为了揭示叶顶喷气对压气机稳定裕度的影响规律,对一跨声速轴流压气机进行三维非定常数值模拟,结合试验设计与统计学分析的方法对叶顶喷气展开参数化研究,并分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理。研究表明,叶顶喷气整体上提升了压气机的性能,通过激励叶顶环壁附面层抑制叶顶泄漏涡堵塞,达到提升压气机稳定裕度的目的。同时,叶顶喷气会引起压气机失速类型的变化。不同喷气量下的喷气规律是不同的,喷气量与喉部高度、喷气角度间存在交互作用。喷气量较小时应减小喷嘴喉部高度,在相对坐标系下沿转子叶顶前缘中弧线方向喷气;喷气量较大时应增加喉部高度,避免引起叶顶过载失速,喷气应提供正预旋来减小叶顶攻角。喷嘴应与转子叶顶前缘保持一定距离。     

Singular formalism and admissible control of spacecraft with rotating flexible solar array

This paper is concerned with the attitude control of a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft which consists of a central rigid body and a flexible sun-tracking solar array driven by a solar array drive assembly. Based on the linearization of the dynamics of the spacecraft and the modal identi- ties about the flexible and rigid coupling matrices, the spacecraft attitude dynamics is reduced to a formally singular system with periodically varying parameters, which is quite different from a space- craft with fixed appendages. In the framework of the singular control theory, the regularity and impulse-freeness of the singular system is analyzed and then admissible attitude controllers are designed by Lyapunov＇s method. To improve the robustness against system uncertainties, an H∞ optimal control is designed by optimizing the H∞ norm of the system transfer function matrix. Comparative numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.