芯片间时间触发通信综合规划方法及其优化

随着片上系统（SoC）的处理能力逐渐接近传统的综合核心处理模块，航空电子系统向着微小型综合化的芯片间系统发展；时间触发交换式互连可以保证芯片间消息传递的严格时间确定性。考虑芯片间互连交换结构轻量化和收发端口有限的特点，在拓扑、路由和调度时刻等网络资源相互制约的条件下，提出了芯片间时间触发通信综合规划方法，即根据时间触发消息集合和芯片端口配置，同时求解得到芯片间网络拓扑结构、消息路由和调度时刻表的规划结果。其中，采用免疫算法整体优化了各条消息在网络资源分配过程中的求解次序。仿真实验表明，与不考虑整体优化的综合规划方法相比，优化后的规划结果在减少拓扑结构中多余路径开销的同时，避免消息传输路径拥堵，降低消息端到端延迟，保证了消息集的可调度性。      

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

航空电子MB-OFDM-UWB无线互连信道分析与仿真

多频带正交频分复用超宽带（MB-OFDM-UWB）是航空电子内部无线互连（WAIC）的候选通信体制之一，不同于普通的室内无线信道，超宽带信号在金属和复合材料的机舱内部存在复杂的反射和多径干扰。给出一种适用于WAIC应用的MB-OFDM-UWB无线通信系统物理层方案，并参照IEEE802.15.4a标准提出一种适应航空电子机舱内部特征的多簇多径UWB信道模型；通过基于接收球的反射角误差法仿真得到无线信道的冲激响应，确定了机舱环境下信道模型的簇到达率、径到达率和混合因子；进而采用Simulink进行MB-OFDM-UWB信号系统仿真，表明在110 Mb/s码速率条件下，当误码率低于国际电信联盟（ITU）标准规定的10^-6，机舱环境下的信噪比应比普通室内环境高1 dB。另外，在研究过程中，为了确认电磁仿真中接收球半径的有效性，针对基准环境将仿真结果与文献报道的实测结果进行了对比。     

有源周期性结构控制电磁波反射波束指向研究

提出有源反射的概念.利用如光带隙电磁结晶结构、高阻抗结构等周期性结构的带隙特性和 阻抗特性,通过在类似高阻抗表面的周期性金属单元表面铺设有源器件--变容二极管,控 制周期性结构的性能,建立有源周期性结构,影响入射电磁波的传播特性,实现对反射波束 的指向的有源控制和有效改变.仿真实验证明采用单层或双层有源周期性结构表面,可以有 效控制反射波束的相位和角度指向.     

Advanced flight management system human interface

Alternative Flight Management System (FMS) human interface concepts are becoming increasingly important to investigate as the complexities of understanding and operating this equipment continue to burden and confuse an already inundated pilot. Rockwell Collins, Inc. has designed an advanced FMS display/interface that will significantly reduce and/or eliminate human interface problems between users and the FMS. Results from human factors investigations for a limited set of FMS functions reveal statistically significant findings at the 95th level of confidence favoring the Advanced FMS Interface display format. The Advanced FMS Interface display format produced quicker reaction times and lower levels of mental workload than the a conventional Control Display Unit (CDU) type FMS.Furthermore, statistically significant findings at the 98th level of confidence for three subjective measures, Usability, Learnability, and Overall Attitude lean in favor of this type of FMS display format. These statistically significant findings lead us to believe that this Advanced FMS Interface display format has great potential for significantly reducing and/or eliminating human interface problems between users and the FMS while at the same time reducing pilot mental workload.     

利用H.264中运动矢量实现运动目标检测

针对视频压缩和运动目标跟踪同时实现的应用,通过研究H.264压缩标准中运动矢量包含的图像运动信息并分析运动估计原理,提出了一种利用视频压缩中的运动矢量信息实现运动目标检测的方法,确立了H.264编码流中运动矢量与场景中物体运动状态的对应关系.将运动目标从背景中分离是检测算法的核心.对于双门限值的设置,可分离不同运动速度的目标;同时,算法排除了背景运动的干扰,因而可应用于摄像机运动的场合;由于检测算法所用的运动矢量直接来源于H.264编码过程,而大大降低了计算复杂度,利于硬件实现.     

航天器数据管理系统通用测试平台的设计

为加快航天器数据管理系统测试进度,设计和构建了航天器数据管理通用测试平台.该平台通过对被测对象的研究,实现测试方法、系统构架的标准化.在实际开发过程中充分考虑了系统软硬件的通用性,并引入了可移植性良好、基于LUA测试脚本的程序开发环境.经过简单补充与修改,该通用测试平台成为能快速构建满足多型号航天器数据管理系统测试需要的可重构测试平台.通过多个型号任务的检验表明:航天器数据管理通用测试平台可大大缩短测试周期,降低开发成本,运行稳定可靠,达到预期目的.     

改善高频宽压控晶振频率温度稳定性方法

高频宽压控晶体振荡器广泛应用于各种接收机和应答机中,工作温度范围通常为-40℃～+85℃。对于该类晶振,极易出现频率温度稳定性相对于其内部石英谐振器明显恶化的现象。对此,从理论上分析了引起恶化的原因,并提出通过合理控制振荡电路的压控范围和石英谐振器的激励功率,可以改善高频宽压控晶振的温频特性。最后,研制并测试了4只102.3MHz压控晶振,结果优于指标要求,充分验证了方法的有效性。     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

飞机进近着陆电磁环境建模与辐射分布分析

机场终端区电磁、地形和地物在拓扑、物理和语义上的异构性导致进近着陆电磁环境构成机理复杂,很难用单尺度解析模型表征电磁环境的本质属性.在分析终端区多要素层次构成机理和关联耦合特征的基础上,提出一种多层融合的进近着陆电磁环境模型架构.综合采用矩量法和射线追踪法模拟台站辐射特性和地空电波传播模式,建立进近着陆区域电磁辐射强度量化表征与空间分布计算模型,有效降低了场边界特性不规则时空变化带来的电波预测误差.结合某机场地形和航向台数据,对终端区主航道和余隙航道的电磁辐射强度和覆盖范围进行计算和对比分析.仿真结果验证了本建模与分析方法的有效性.