含内热源的多孔方腔流热耦合非正交 MRT-LBM数值模拟

针对含内热源的多孔方腔内自然对流现象问题,采用非正交多弛豫时间（MRT）格子Boltzmann方法进行了研究。分析了Rayleigh数（104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106）、内热源布局方式（水平、垂直及对角布局）、内热源几何尺寸大小（A=1/16,1/8,3/16,1/4）及两内热源间的间距（S=5/64,13/64,21/64）对流动传热的影响。结果表明:在Ra=104,105和S=5/64的情况下,任意内热源几何尺寸,内热源采用对角布局方式可获得更好的对流换热效果;在Ra=105,106和S=13/64,21/64的情况下,水平布局方式更优;在内热源采用水平布局,Ra=104的情况下,任意内热源几何尺寸,对流换热效果均随着内热源间距的增大而增强;而随着Ra增大,内热源几何尺寸减小,对流换热效果随着内热源间距的增大先增大后减小,而后随着内热源间距增大其对流换热效果减弱;对角布局也有相似规律,在其他条件一致的情况下,随着内热源几何尺寸的增加,其对流换热效果增强。      

Aerodynamic optimization of re-entry capsules

Methods for aerodynamic design and optimization based on linear theory are not well suited for modelling non-linear phenomenons. Their results only represent approximations of real optima. In the present study a new method based on non-linear theory, i.e. the solution of the Euler/Navier–Stokes equations, has been applied to improve these approximations. The structure of the system as well as the incorporated modules are described. Aerodynamic optimizations of a biconic re-entry capsule with respect to the lift-to-drag ratio, the effective volume and the stability are presented and discussed. The method proves to be a robust and relative efficient tool for aerodynamic design of modern aerospace vehicles. An increase in the performance of computer systems will result in an increase in the efficiency as well. It is shown that the method keeps and sometimes expands the established knowledge base of experienced engineers but reduces the design cycle times significantly.     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling and simulation of an atmospheric re-entry spacecraft

This paper discusses the dynamic modeling and simulation techniques for the X-38 re-entry spacecraft, a prototype crew return vehicle (CRV) for the international space station (ISS). A general simulator for atmospheric re-entry dynamics (GESARED) was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The 6 degree-of-freedom re-entry flight dynamics were modeled to achieve minimum restrictions and singularities. Quaternion representation of vehicle attitude was used to avoid computational singularities in angular kinematic model equations. The Earth's atmosphere, Earth's shape and gravitational potential were modeled appropriately. The vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics, navigation sensors, and the actuator dynamics were also modeled and implemented. Several numerical simulation tests and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model equations and the simulator.     

Aeroacoustic integral methods,formulation and efficient numerical implementation

The paper makes a contribution to the clearer understanding of the physical meaning and domain of applicability of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) and Kirchhoff aeroacoustic integral methods. The analytical relationship between the two approaches, and the physical implications involved in the use of the Kirchhoff approach are discussed. In particular, where the Kirchhoff surface cuts into a domain where non-negligible volume sources of Lighthill's Acoustic Analogy are present (domain crossed by a shock, non-uniform flow or vortices for instance), the Kirchhoff integral must be complemented by additional surface integrals to recover the FW-H surface integral. The paper goes on to describe a fast, robust integration technique for computing FW-H or Kirchhoff surface integrals. This integration technique starts from emission time, and treats each integration surface element as non-compact. It obviates the need to build retarded acoustic surfaces and avoids some of the drawbacks of current methods, such as the Doppler singularity when using supersonically rotating grids. The paper then recalls formulas for calculations in the aircraft reference frame, and the computational efficiency of the proposed integration method is demonstrated by its application to the prediction of helicopter rotor noise directivity contours.     

Parameter design for a guidance and control system using genetic approach

A preliminary guidance and control design for guided missiles is developed via a genetic searching approach. A real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) serves as the computing device to solve a constrained optimization problem resulting from the guidance and control parameter design where the genetic structure encodes some sort of automation. It is a global search algorithm thus avoids a local minimum. This new design paradigm offers a way to implement simple but robust solutions that cover a wide range of aerodynamic variations. Simulation results are performed to illustrate the engagement performance and applicability of this proposed design.     

ETW: simulations of true flight behaviour

The capabilities of the European Transonic Windtunnel ETW to simulate flight conditions by testing at cryogenic temperatures are presented. The achieved flow quality and tunnel control form the basis for an excellent data repeatability and a high confidence level in the deliverables. Unique instrumentation has been developed to provide additional information about the test object and the surrounding flow field during tunnel entries. Typical samples of Reynolds number effects are shown. Productivity aspects are considered on the basis of recently performed test scenarios.     

Aircraft fuels and their effect upon engine emissions

Although pollutant emissions from aircraft are mainly determined by the technology of the engines, fuel composition plays a significant part. This paper describes recent developments in jet fuel technology and possible modifications or substitution of currently available jet fuel by oxygenated hydrocarbons, biofuels and cryofuels.     

Time variations of dynamical processes in the midlatitude upper mesosphere — lower thermosphere

Complex studies with the use of spectrum and harmonic analysis allow determination of wave disturbances in the prevailing and tidal wind, and also mesoscale short period oscillation intensity per unit mass. We particularly find enhanced periods of 4–6, 9–12, 15–20, 25–30 days, which are typical for planetary waves in the lower and middle atmosphere of the Earth. We also reveal the non-linear character of vertical amplitude and phase profiles for wave disturbances with planetary wave scales in the prevailing, tidal and short period oscillation intensity. This non-linearity is interpreted as a consequence of the non-linear interaction of waves such as internal gravity waves, tides and planetary waves among themselves and with background movements.     

Aircraft emission research within ISTC project

This research is aimed at obtaining experimental data on contamination of the atmosphere by emissions from aircraft engines in cruise flight conditions, to establish and improve models of the physical and chemical processes which take place in the aircraft wake and in the general zone of air traffic corridors. An Su-24 ‘sounder’ aircraft equipped with an air sampling and collection system has been established to obtain the necessary atmospheric samples in flight, and procedures have been developed for performing the research flights. Techniques have also been developed for chemical analysis of the samples.     

Statistical average estimates of high latitude field-aligned currents from the STARE and SABRE coherent VHF radar systems

Two bistatic VHF radar systems, STARE and SABRE, have been employed to estimate ionospheric electric fields in the geomagnetic latitude range 61.1 – 69.3° (geographic latitude range 63.8 – 72.6°) over northern Scandinavia. 173 days of good backscatter from all four radars have been analysed during the period 1982 to 1986, from which the average ionospheric divergence electric field versus latitude and time is calculated. The average magnetic field-aligned currents are computed using an AE-dependent empirical model of the ionospheric conductance. Statistical Birkeland current estimates are presented for high and low values of the Kp and AE indices as well as positive and negative orientations of the IMF B_z component. The results compare very favourably to other ground-based and satellite measurements.