全模颤振风洞试验三索悬挂系统多体动力学分析

全模颤振风洞试验需要通过软支撑系统模拟飞行器的自由飞行状态并调整模型姿态达到配平状态。参考NASA双索悬挂方案,提出了一种两电机驱动的三索悬挂系统,利用后方两索的同向/反向联动实现模型俯仰和滚转姿态的调整,利用弹簧刚度以及钢绳张力设计实现支撑频率要求。基于柔性多体动力学方法,建立了包括飞行器刚体模型、柔性索、滑轮、弹簧、气动力模型、伺服电机控制在内的复杂系统动力学模型,其中,利用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）变长度索单元描述钢绳,利用不约束物质坐标的索结点约束描述钢绳与滑轮相互作用,利用索结点物质输运速度约束描述伺服电机绞盘,利用飞行力学的气动力模型描述吹风下的气动力。基于该模型,通过小扰动响应辨识研究了弹簧刚度、钢绳张力、连接点位置等因素对支撑频率的影响规律,并分析了系统姿态调整能力,俯仰调整范围达到-12.5°~12.5°,滚转调整范围达到-45°~45°。采用滑轮处电位计测量的钢绳相对位移作为反馈信号,基于设计的控制律利用多体动力学求解器与Simulink对风洞吹风下的姿态调整过程进行仿真,模型达到配平状态,获得了吹风下的索拉力和伺服电机功率,为系统设计提供基础。     

新电位移边界条件下的压电介质断裂问题

应用边界元法,并结合一种特殊的复变函数基本解,研究了压电介质的断裂问题。由于该基本解完全遵循本构方程没有对电位移边界作假设,所以结论同非穿透性裂纹假设的结果有较大差异。通过计算表明,外加力载荷不但会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性,也会引起电场奇异性,同样,外加电压也会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性。     

《客舱服务技能》课程教学的改进与思考

《客舱服务技能》是空乘专业的一门专业必修课程。在课程改革中,如何改进《客舱服务技能》的教学效果是我们需要关注的重点。本文从目前该课程发展状况、师资、教材、实训条件、教学方法等方面对该课程的建设情况及存在的问题进行了分析与探讨。     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

基于晶体塑性的涡轮盘短裂纹扩展模拟方法

针对低周疲劳载荷下发动机涡轮盘早期短裂纹扩展行为,提出适用于工程结构的耦合晶体塑性（CP）理论和扩展有限元方法（XFEM）的多晶短裂纹模拟方法。该方法采用晶体内总累积分解切应变作为裂纹扩展判据并使裂纹沿最活跃滑移系对应的滑移平面传播。框架采用子模型技术/分区域网格细化以及宏-介观本构结合的方法解决真实工程结构和微观模型尺度不匹配的问题,在可接受的计算代价下预测了涡轮盘危险截面处的短裂纹扩展路径及速率。结果表明该结构内早期裂纹生长路径及速率受到晶体取向的影响而出现较大分散性,同时验证了基于CP-XFEM的框架在预测工程结构短裂纹扩展寿命及分散性上的可行性。      

3D传感器检测和跟踪的联合优化

在杂波环境下实现检测－跟踪的联合优化是目标跟踪中的一个重要研究课题。对3D传感器使用PDAF进行目标跟踪的情况，本文以先验检测门限优化准则为设计准则，通过用解析近似表示拟事修正Riccati方程中的参数，给出了瑞利起伏环境下实现检测和跟踪联合优化的方法。研究和仿真表明：（1）这种检测和跟踪联合化化方法的跟踪性能优于固定虚警率方法的跟踪性能，但这种性能的改善主要体现在滤波稳定阶段；（2）基于先验检测门限优化准则实现检测－跟踪的联合优化要求信噪比要大于一定的门限，在瑞利起伏环境下，三维测量所要求的信噪比门限为2．157。     

Experimental study of hydrogen-rich/oxygen-rich gas-gas injectors

Five types of coaxial injectors were investigated experimentally using hot hydrogen-rich gas and oxygen-rich gas, which were respectively provided by a GH2/GO2 hydrogen-rich perburner and a GH2/GO2 oxygen-rich preburner. The injectors were the shear coaxial injector, the oxidizer post expansion coaxial injector, the fuel impinging coaxial injector, the central body coaxial injector, and the shear tri-coaxial injector. The characteristic velocity efficiency and the combustor＇s wall temperatures were obtained for different design parameters through the experiments. It can be con- cluded that angles of the oxidizer post expansion and the fuel impinging have little influence on the combustion performance and the wall temperatures. The contact area between fuel and oxidizer and the mass flow rate have significant impacts on the combustion performance. The shear tri-coaxial injector has the best combustion performance but also the highest wall temperatures among the five types of injectors.     

一种电子天平测量结果的数据处理优化方法

电子天平具有数字化特性和较高的分辨力。本文通过与质量差值法的对比,提出一种新的电子天平测量结果的处理方法——比例系数法,并通过理论和实践验证了此方法的可行性。     

IMPROVEMENT OF PHASE GRADIENT AUTOFOCUS ALGORITHM

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用虚拟区域法结合虚拟边界条件求解对称及管壁流动问题

分析了用基于Lagrange乘子的虚拟区域法数值求解时,翼型后缘存在的奇异问题.为了保持直角坐标网格结构简单及可利用快速算法的特点,提出引入虚拟边界条件控制虚拟流动的方法处理奇异问题.用虚拟区域法数值模拟了翼型不可压对称绕流;并把该方法推广应用到管壁流动的数值模拟,给出了喷管内流场的算例.数值结果表明,虚拟边界条件的引入有助于控制Lagrange乘子的变化,从而改善数值模拟的精度.