含边缘裂纹铝合金厚板的复合材料双面修补研究

采用表面打磨,80℃、接触压固化的方法,利用碳纤维/双马复合材料预固化补片对边缘裂纹的铝合金厚板进行双面胶接修补,测试修补前后的静态和疲劳性能,并结合高低温老化和常温油浸试验考核其耐煤油性。结果表明:修补后平均破坏载荷由94.313 kN增加到143.593 kN,提高了52.25%;疲劳寿命由2 019次循环增加到34 698次循环,提高了16.19倍;临界裂纹长度由13.5 mm增加为27.5 mm;裂纹扩展速率由2.72 mm/1 000循环降低为0.59 mm/1 000循环。在300次循环高低温油浸及180 d的常温油浸试验条件下,燃油对试验件疲劳性能无影响,同时修补试验件对煤油品质无明显影响。     

改进型滑模变结构电机控制的脉振电流注入法研究

为了提高永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术的控制性能,在电机动态品质优化的研究中,以滑模变结构控制器替代传统的PI控制器,采用新型趋近律函数改进滑模控制器的输出模型,削弱了传统滑模控制存在的抖振,提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力。在分析无位置传感器技术时,引入高通谐振滤波器,采用具备以高信噪比为特点的两相静止坐标系下高频脉振电流注入法。仿真结果表明,在带高通谐振滤波器的高频脉振电流注入法中运用滑模变结构控制器,提高了转子位置估计的精度,增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。     

机器人钻铆系统铆接单元及工艺技术

分析铆接工艺,结合机器人钻铆特点,确定自动铆接单元的工艺方案,突破机器人钻铆系统铆枪匹配、铆枪进给、上钉顶铆等关键技术。机器人自动制孔之后,自动铆接单元可以完成送钉、顶铆、铆接等功能,有效提高钻铆效率。     

不同进口条件下向心流转静系盘腔流动特性研究

在典型中小型航空发动机空气系统中,用于高压涡轮冷却、封严的空气一般需要经过离心压气机叶轮背腔,因此掌握以离心压气机叶轮背腔为代表的向心入流转静系盘腔内流动特点及压力分布是保证空气系统各项功能实现的关键。采用数值模拟方法对带有向心入流的转静系盘腔流动开展研究,研究不同来流条件下不同间距比的转静系盘腔流动特点及盘腔内压力分布。结果表明:在间距比G=0.01~0.2内,不同进口条件下盘腔内的流动均为Batchelor流型,即转盘与静盘具有独立边界层,边界层之间为核心区;当径向罗斯比数远小于1时,在核心区内流动满足径向平衡方程,此时盘腔内旋转比分布决定了盘腔内压力分布;对于满足径向平衡方程的此类盘腔,盘腔内流动由进口旋转比β_0、紊流参数λ_T、间距比G决定;进一步的,得到了不同β_0,λ_T,G下盘腔出口旋转比及核心区内旋转比变化规律,分析发现小间距比工况下核心区内旋转比满足5/7幂指数关系;大间距比工况下旋转比满足修正5/7幂指数关系,通过得到的旋转比关联式可以计算出盘腔内的压力分布。     

基于时序相关性的信息效用评价模型研究

事务处理中的时间相关性数据蕴涵着对预测与决策具有情报效用的信息,可以通过构建一定的特征模式对其效用大小进行评价。文章对时变序列数据的相关性特征进行了分析,研究了基于时序与波动变化的特征抽取模式;在时变序列的差分及相对变化基础上,进一步综合利用偏态、离散、相关等特征构建了影响变量与响应变量之间的相关度计算模型。该模型可降低效用评价计算复杂度,增强评价的可靠性并可用于模型预测。     

Nutation instability of spinning solid rocket motor spacecraft

The variation of mass,and moment of inertia of a spin-stabilized spacecraft leads to concern about the nutation instability.Here a careful analysis on the nutation instability is performed on a spacecraft propelled by solid rocket booster (SRB).The influences of specific solid propellant designs on transversal angular velocity are discussed.The results show that the typical SRB of End Burn suppresses the non-principal axial angular velocity.On the contrary,the frequently used SRB of Radial Burn could amplify the transversal angular velocity.The nutation instability caused by a design of Radial Burn could be remedied by the addition of End Burn at the same time based on the study of the combination design of both End Burn and Radial Burn.The analysis of the results proposes the design conception of how to control the nutation motion.The method is suitable to resolve the nutation instability of solid rocket motor with complex propellant patterns.     

过冷水滴凝固机理及凝固组织特征

针对飞机过冷水滴结冰的精细化预测需求，基于相变热力学与相变动力学相关理论，采用示差扫描量热法（DSC）、结冰风洞试验及微结构测试相结合的方法，研究了过冷水滴凝固过程的热力学机理及凝固组织特征。基于示差扫描量热法，研究了冷却速率及形核条件对结晶凝固特性的影响规律；基于结冰风洞试验开展了不同温度条件下冰相的宏观形貌及微结构特征研究。结果表明，过冷条件及冷却速率是影响过冷水滴结晶速率及结晶完善程度的重要因素。降温速率越大，结晶速率常数增大、结晶速率相应提高。同时，结晶峰变宽，结晶初始温度向低温方向移动，过冷效应相对显著；反之亦然。过冷度及冷却速率对冰相的宏观及微观形貌均有着重要影响。过冷度越大则相同时间内冷却速率越大，晶体生长过程越不充分，晶体不规则程度相对较高，同时晶粒密度变大、尺度变小，冰相表观透明度相对降低；反之，过冷度越小，则晶粒密度变小、尺度变大，冰相表观透明度相对较高。异相形核条件对加速结晶过程有重要促进作用，晶种的存在可有效加速二次结晶的触发，使过冷效应显著减弱。相关研究可为飞机结冰速率、冰相物理特征及冰形宏观形貌的精细化预测提供参考。     

A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.