一种航天器加筋锥壳结构轴压稳定性研究

研究了开口型截面桁条加强蒙皮锥壳结构的局部稳定性计算方法;并用平板/加筋圆筒极限轴压的有效宽度法计算其极限载荷,得出加筋锥壳结构局部稳定性和整体稳定性的分析方法。     

Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous satellite navigation is based on the ability of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as Beidou, to estimate orbits and clock parameters onboard satellites using Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements instead of tracking data from a ground monitoring network. This paper focuses on the time synchronization of new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites equipped with an ISL payload. Two modes of Ka-band ISL measurements, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode and the continuous link mode, were used onboard these BDS satellites. Using a mathematical formulation for each measurement mode along with a derivation of the satellite clock offsets, geometric ranges from the dual one-way measurements were introduced. Then, pseudoranges and clock offsets were evaluated for the new-generation BDS satellites. The evaluation shows that the ranging accuracies of TDMA ISL and the continuous link are approximately 4?cm and 1?cm (root mean square, RMS), respectively. Both lead to ISL clock offset residuals of less than 0.3?ns (RMS). For further validation, time synchronization between these satellites to a ground control station keeping the systematic time in BDT was conducted using L-band Two-way Satellite Time Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). System errors in the ISL measurements were calibrated by comparing the derived clock offsets with the TWSTFT. The standard deviations of the estimated ISL system errors are less than 0.3?ns, and the calibrated ISL clock parameters are consistent with that of the L-band TWSTFT. For the regional BDS network, the addition of ISL measurements for medium orbit (MEO) BDS satellites increased the clock tracking coverage by more than 40% for each orbital revolution. As a result, the clock predicting error for the satellite M1S was improved from 3.59 to 0.86?ns (RMS), and the predicting error of the satellite M2S was improved from 1.94 to 0.57?ns (RMS), which is a significant improvement by a factor of 3–4.     

低雷诺数下协同射流关键参数对翼型气动性能的影响

协同射流是一种高效的新型主动流动控制技术,至今缺乏关键参数对翼型气动性能影响规律的系统研究。通过引入螺旋桨激励盘模型,发展了一种新的协同射流翼型流动模拟方法,使得射流反作用力计算更符合实际。在低雷诺数条件下,以NACA6415为基准翼型开展了射流动量系数、开口尺寸和位置等关键参数对翼型气动性能的影响规律研究,并探讨了相应的物理机制。结果表明：大迎角分离流状态下,射流动量系数对翼型气动性能的影响规律比小迎角附着流状态更复杂;随着吹气口尺寸增加,气泵功率系数先减后增,有效升阻比先增后减;随着吸气口尺寸增加,气泵功率系数逐渐减小,有效升阻比先增加后趋于平稳;吹/吸气口位置对翼型气动性能和气泵功率系数的影响很小。     

Joint TDOA,FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation: Method and its performance analysis

Considering the estimation accuracy reduction of Frequency Difference of Arrival(FDOA) caused by relative Doppler companding, a joint Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA),FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation method is proposed and its Cramer-Rao low bound is derived in this paper.Firstly, second-order ambiguity function is utilized to reduce the dimensionality and estimate initial TDOA and differential Doppler rate.Secondly, the TDOA estimation is updated and FDOA is obtained using cross ambiguity function, in which relative Doppler companding is compensated by the existing differential Doppler rate.Thirdly, differential Doppler rate estimation is updated using cross estimator.Theoretical analysis on estimation variance and Cramer-Rao low bound shows that the final estimation of TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate performs well at both low and high signal–noise ratio, although the initial estimation accuracy of TDOA and differential Doppler rate is relatively poor under low signal–noise ratio conditions.Simulation results finally verify the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed method can overcome relative Doppler companding problem and performs well for all TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation.     

大子午扩张涡轮的分离控制

大子午扩张涡轮易发生外端壁流动分离,并产生较强顶部二次流。采用对叶型型线外壁和内壁侧逐次前掠宽弦的方法对顶部分离进行控制,并对多个前掠宽弦方案进行全三维数值模拟、流场拓扑分析和流动对比,研究了前掠宽弦叶型在此类涡轮中的应用。结果表明：合理的前掠宽弦叶型能够有效地减弱甚至消除外端壁流动分离,改善顶部压力流向分布;同时也能很好地控制顶部二次流的发展,提高大子午扩张涡轮的气动性能。     

煤油/空气三管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机

 在煤油/空气单管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)研究基础上,建立了煤油/空气三管气动阀式PDE实验系统。在进气加温的条件下,以煤油为燃料,低污染空气为氧化剂,在内径为100 mm、长为2 000 mm的3个爆震管组成的三管气动阀式PDE中进行了多循环爆震实验,成功实现总工作频率30 Hz情况下,保证三管正常时序工作,在每个爆震管中均获得稳定发展的Chapman Jouguet(CJ)爆震波,研究了共用进气道对爆震室充填混气的影响和不同工作频率下三管气动阀式PDE的爆震波压力特性。研究结果为进一步研究多管PDE提供了基础,为探索脉冲爆震 涡扇组合发动机(PDTE)的可行性提供了初步的理论依据。     

圆台阵列杂波模型及空时二维自适应处理

针对圆台共形阵列,建立了空时二维自适应处理(STAP)的杂波模型,给出了圆台阵列杂波抑制最优权值的计算方法。在此基础之上,为了实现可应用到实际环境中的自适应处理方法,进一步讨论了将局部联合域(JDL)降维算法推广至圆台阵列中的问题。得出了圆台阵列JDL算法降维变换矩阵的表达形式,研究了参考波束的数目选取、波束指向等因素对降维损失的影响。理论分析以及仿真结果表明,通过合理选择通道数、波束方位向指向间隔等参数,该算法能够减少自适应波束形成的计算量,而且可以用较少的训练样本获得较好的处理性能。     

电磁探测卫星星上自主规划模型及优化算法

电磁探测卫星自治(AEDS)是一类对地观测卫星,其搜集的信息对工业、科研和军事等领域有着重要的意义。针对电磁探测卫星有效载荷特点,建立了基于动态拓扑结构无环路有向图的星上自主规划数学模型,提出了基于标记更新最短路径搜索的星上自主规划精确算法,对其完备性和时间复杂度进行了分析。并对精确算法时间复杂度较高的缺点,将近似支配概念引入到模型中,提出了标记更新最短路径搜索近似算法,分析了算法的近似程度和时间复杂度。最后,根据模拟的数据进行实验及分析,表明该方法能有效解决电磁探测卫星自主任务规划问题。     

平动点任务转移轨道中途修正研究

平动点在深空探测中具有重要作用. 由于发射中不可避免地会存在误差, 平动点卫星往往需要考虑转移轨道的中途修正. 本文从工程实用角度出发, 根据以往平动点任务的中途修正经验, 确定中途修正序列,综合以往文献对误差的处理, 给出了误差的分布参数; 将转移轨道中途修正问题转化为转移轨道设计问题, 使用微分修正算法求解转移轨道中途修正问题; 利用蒙特卡洛模拟给出统计性数据. 仿真结果验证了方法的有效性. 对于日地系 110天类型的转移轨道, 在95 %的置信水平下, 只需要78.0 m/s的机动速度, 即可以保证位置误差在66.1 km之内.      

Effects of long-term low atmospheric pressure on gas exchange and growth of lettuce

The objectives of this research were to determine photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and growth of lettuce at long-term low atmospheric pressure. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Youmaicai) plants were grown at 40 kPa total pressure (8.4 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) or 101 kPa total pressure (20.9 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) from seed to harvest for 35 days. Germination rate of lettuce seeds decreased by 7.6% at low pressure, although this was not significant. There was no significant difference in crop photosynthetic rate between hypobaria and ambient pressure during the 35-day study. The crop evapotranspiration rate was significantly lower at low pressure than that at ambient pressure from 20 to 30 days after planting (DAP), but it had no significant difference before 20 DAP or after 30 DAP. The growth cycle of lettuce plants at low pressure was delayed. At low pressure, lettuce leaves were curly at the seedling stage and this disappeared gradually as the plants grew. Ambient lettuce plants were yellow and had an epinastic growth at harvest. The shoot height, leaf number, leaf length and shoot/root ratio were lower at low pressure than those at ambient pressure, while leaf area and root growth increased. Total biomass of lettuce plants grown at two pressures had no significant difference. Ethylene production at low pressure decreased significantly by 38.8% compared with ambient pressure. There was no significant difference in microelements, nutritional phytochemicals and nitrate concentrations at the two treatments. This research shows that lettuce can be grown at long-term low pressure (40 kPa) without significant adverse effects on seed germination, gas exchange and plant growth. Furthermore, ethylene release was reduced in hypobaria.