直升机某部件飞行状态的载荷分布特点研究

结合直升机的飞行载荷特点及使用要求,采用某型直升机动部件飞行测量载荷数据,经过“三峰谷点”雨流计数法统计处理,对飞行中实测到的183个飞行状态分别进行统计处理,假设检验及回归分析,确定了每个飞行状态的载荷分布类型及飞行状态的损伤,最后压缩归并成对直升机某动部件产生较大损伤的18种飞行状态,并提出了飞行状态中载荷的分布类型对直升机动部件的寿命有较大的影响。     

基于小波变换和支持向量机的开关电流电路故障诊断新方法

针对开关电流(Switched current,SI)电路的故障诊断和定位问题，为进一步提高故障诊断准 确率，提出了基于小波变换和粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization，PSO)支持向量机 (Support vector machine，SVM)的开关电流电路故障诊断新方法。该方法首先对节点电流 信号进行蒙特卡罗分析，然后通过小波分解计算分形维数，再利用核主元分析（Kernel pri ncipal component analysis，KPCA）降低特征值维数，实现最优故障特征的提取。最后通 过PSO SVM完成对各种故障模式的分类。对六阶切比雪夫低通滤波器进行了仿真实验验证， 获取了较高的故障诊断准确率，与其他方法进行比较，实验结果显示了本文方法的优越性。     

应用约束条件快速解算整周模糊度

ＧＰＳ载波相位测量用于解算载体的航向和姿态时必需解决的问题之一就是整周模糊度的确定。近年来提出了多种模糊度的解算法方法，但对ＧＰＳ航姿系统来说，若能利用固有的约束条件则会使模糊度问题变得简单且快速有效。在详细分析了几种约束条件的基础上，文中探讨了如何合理 这些约束条件来减小模糊度的搜索范围，以加快模糊度的解算速度，并对检验方法作了改进。通过仿真结果对文中方法进行了检验。     

绕圆头回转体通气空化流型的实验研究

为了深入了解通气空化流动现象,利用高速全流场显示技术,对绕圆头回转体通气空化流型进行实验研究。结果表明,重力效应和通气量对通气空化的多相流流型起主要作用。定义了弗洛德数和通气率两个无量纲数,将绕圆头回转体通气空化分为5种多相流流型,即透明空泡、透明气弹、透明分层、水气混合以及半透明水气混合。流动参数对流型的影响分为2个阶段,即重力起主要作用阶段和重力效应不明显阶段。在重力起主要作用阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,附着弹体的空泡倾斜程度变小,弹体上表面的断裂空泡转变为贴着弹体壁面的稳定空泡;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大弹体上表面断裂空泡的尺度不断增大。在重力效应不明显阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,雷诺数变大,流场的湍流强度增大,空泡尾流区域水气交换的程度加剧;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大,通气空化数减小,绕弹体的云雾状空泡逐渐转变为透明空泡。最后,进一步分析了重力影响下透明空泡脱落的非定常过程,以及反向射流作用下云雾状空泡交替脱落的非定常过程。     

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算

应用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差测量来确定载体的航向和姿态需要解决两个主要问题：模糊度的确定和航姿算法。本文提出了ＧＰＳ航姿解算的四元数方法，直接利用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差 算姿态四元数，从而保证了姿态矩阵的正交性能。     

基于多核融合的目标大面积遮挡处理方法

提出了一种基于多核融合的目标遮挡处理方法,用于提高大面积遮挡情况下视觉目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性和准确性.与现有基于单个对称核加权直方图的mean shift跟踪算法不同,该方法以目标区域内的多个非中心位置为核函数中心,构建多个非对称核加权直方图.由于这些直方图对目标的不同区域赋予了不同的权重,使得在遮挡发生时总存在一些直方图受影响较小.依据各个直方图分别进行mean shift迭代获得一组目标位置估计后,利用D-S证据理论融合判定最终的目标位置.实验结果表明,该方法在目标被大面积遮挡时仍能够获得准确的跟踪.     

高压水切割技术

复合材料的机械加工是一个特殊的问题.本文论述了用高压水切割技术对复合材料加工的原理和优点,简要说明了切割设备的组成,给出了主要的理论计算方法,并用实验数据进行了比较.最后指出了该技术的应用领域的扩展及其前景.     

TiAl/IN718合金过渡液相连接

采用过渡液相TLP(Transient Liquid Phase)连接技术,以金属Ti,Cu,Ni箔构成复合焊料连接TiAl和IN718合金.研究了保温时间对接头界面结构的影响.实验结果表明:采用Ti-Cu,Ti-Ni复合焊料可以制备无缺陷的接头,但2种焊料形成液相的过程和机理不同.由于在等温凝固过程中,从IN718合金中扩散过来的合金元素可在焊缝区聚集,从而在接头中形成亚层结构.通过对接头焊缝区的组织分析和硬度测试表明,在实验条件下Ti-Ni焊料的等温凝固过程持续时间比Ti-Cu的短.     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

Multi-objective Optimization of Differential Steering System of Electric Vehicle with Motorized Wheels

A differential steering system is presented for electric vehicle with motorized wheels and a dynamic model of three-freedom car is built. Based on these models, the quantitative expressions of the road feel, sensitivity, and operation stability of the steering are derived. Then, according to the features of multi-constrained optimization of multi-objective function, a multi-island genetic algorithm （MIGA） is designed. Taking the road feel and the sensi- tivity of the steering as optimization objectives and the operation stability of the steering as a constraint, the system parameters are optimized. The simulation results show that the system optimized with MIGA can improve the steering road feel, and guarantee the operation stability and steering sensibility.