波音757投入使用

英国航空公司和东方航空公司两家宣布合买大约四十架波音757的意图只不过是四年半之前的事。今天,这一新型窄体波音即将载运旅客,开始赢利了。回顾1978年,各家航空公司都在乐其所哉,无须费力便可以赚到钱。偏在这个时候,听说波音公司一半因为揽到一纸国外订货单,又有英国人提供发动机,就要投建一种新型客机,人们都无法置信。     

民用客机世界市场预测

大中型飞机需求量预测 根据世界各地主要飞机制造商和研究机构的预测分析,可以预计2006～2025年间全球新交付大中型喷气飞机(大于100座)将超过2.2万架,到2025年底,全世界将有可能超过2.7万架的大中型喷气客机在航线上运营.     

Artificial gravity: a possible countermeasure for post-flight orthostatic intolerance

Four payload crewmembers were exposed to sustained linear acceleration in a centrifuge during the Neurolab (STS-90) flight. In contrast to previous studies, otolith–ocular reflexes were preserved during and after flight. This raised the possibility that artificial gravity may have acted as a countermeasure to the deconditioning of otolith–ocular reflexes. None of the astronauts who were centrifuged had orthostatic intolerance when tested with head-up passive tilt after flight. Thus, centrifugation may also have helped maintain post-flight hemodynamic responses to orthostasis by preserving the gain of the otolith–sympathetic reflex. A comparison with two fellow Neurolab orbiter crewmembers not exposed to artificial gravity provided some support for this hypothesis. One of the two had hemodynamic changes in response to post-flight tilt similar to orthostatically intolerant subjects from previous missions. More data is necessary to evaluate this hypothesis, but if it were proven correct, in-flight short-radius centrifugation may help counteract orthostatic intolerance after space flight.     

COSAC onboard Rosetta: a bioastronomy experiment for the short-period comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

The COSAC (Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment) onboard the Rosetta mission is a combined gas chromatograph (GC)-mass spectrometer (MS). It is situated on Philae, the lander of the mission, which is intended to land on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko. The purpose of the experiment is to analyze the volatile fraction of soil samples retrieved by a drill. For investigation, the samples will be pyrolysed, and the emanating gases fed into a GC, into an MS, or the combination of both. In the first part of this paper, the bioastronomical relevance of such measurements is outlined. In the second part the details of the hardware and its performance are described.     

航天器能源管理技术研究进展

航天器的发展对能源系统稳定性、带载能力、功率重量比和运行效率提出了更高的要求,从而能源系统架构设计、太阳能电池控制技术、储能电池组管理技术和能源调度技术等成为亟待进一步研究的关键技术.分析了太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪算法及其实现技术,阐述了能源系统调度策略,探讨了储能电池组充放电控制及均衡技术.通过对航天器能源系统关键技术的对比与总结,明确了能源管理关键技术的发展趋势,对未来空间航天器的电气化发展具有一定的现实意义.     

密封汽流激振下转子动力特性的时域分析

针对汽轮机转子偏心导致的汽流激振问题和静偏心模型在转子动力特性研究中的缺陷，采用动网格技术模拟转子真实的三维涡动，在时域上对转子的动力特性进行研究。结果表明:转子涡动时，汽流激振力及其动力系数在时域上随位移呈三角函数变化，且径向力的方向随转子中心位置的变化发生改变。偏心率、涡动速度、自转速度和压比均影响转子动力特性。额定工况下，偏心率每增加10%，径向力与切向力平均增加约25~35 N。随着涡动速度的增大，切向力朝负方向增加，而直接阻尼和交叉阻尼减小。随着压比的增加，径向力增大而切向力减小。在一定范围内，较大的自转速度会使最大激振力的绝对值减小。      

第32届机构间空间碎片协调委员会会议在京召开

2014年5月12-15日，第32届机构间空间碎片协调委员会（IADC）会议在北京召开，中国国家航天局、意大利航天局、法国国家空间研究中心、加拿大航天局、德国航空航天中心、欧洲航天局、印度空间研究组织、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构、美国航空航天局、俄罗斯联邦航天局、英国国家航天局等11个正式成员机构，亚太空间合作组织以及作为IADC观察员的韩国航天局参加了此次会议，外交部、中科院等国内有关部门代表也应邀出席了此次会议。参加会议的国内外代表共150多人。