基于工作流的生产过程监控系统设计与实现

针对制造业车间生产过程监控中信息采集不全面、反馈滞后、信息共享程度低等问题,引入工作流技术对生产过程进行建模和业务驱动,实现业务过程自动流转和信息自动采集、反馈.使用刷卡登陆触摸屏的方式增强终端应用的便捷性,应用甘特图等多种方式直观、形象地展现监控结果.基于普元EOS中间件平台开发出了生产过程监控系统,并在实际生产中进行了应用.     

基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法

针对激光雷达大测量范围高精度测角测距问题,提出一种基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法.该方法在分析激光雷达测角误差和测距误差的基础上,提出激光雷达误差修正模型.该模型将距离修正从标定模型中分离,首先利用靶标场完成全视场的角度标定,并确定其外部参数,再利用基线场实现距离标定.以降低距离标定参数与角度标定参数之间的耦合性,保证激光雷达角度和距离标定的精度和准确度.实验结果表明方法合理有效,能够实现激光雷达的高精度标定.     

MIDAS IV系统超声波风传感器故障排除一例

重庆空管站在2001年购置芬兰VAISALA公司的MIDASIV自动观测系统时，选用了先进的超声波风传感器WAS425。该传感器利用超声波在媒质中传播速率与媒质本身运动速率之间的关系，可以精确地测量出超声波在大气中传播时大气本身运动的方向和速率。由于没有机械旋转的阻尼和响应时间的影响，超声波风传感器的各项性能指标都优于传统的WA系列风向风速仪，得到的风向、风速值也更准确。在风传感器WAS425内部有一个微处理控制板，用于控制超声波信号的发射和接收，同时该板还要对得到的超声波信息进行处理，得到风向和风速值并以RS-232协议方式向外发送。串行数字发送器WT501负责将WAS425送来的风向和风速数据通过内置的调制解调器DMX501进行调制，并将调制信号以300bps的速率送到MIDASIV系统的中央数据单元（CDU）。在wAs425和WT501之间有一个跳线架，它的作用是为维护人员提供一个数据维护测量端口。     

2008年通用航空发展报告

自1952年至今,中国通用航空已走过了56年的发展历程,期间有过荣耀,有过挫折,可谓历经坎坷。随着我国国民经济和社会的持续、快速发展,通用航空正面临着前所未有的需求和发展机遇。在5．12特大地震灾害发生后,在举国上下众志成城倾力救灾中,国人目睹了通用航空的英姿,再次掀起了重视通用航空、发展通用航空的浪潮。“好风凭力借,送我上青云”,通用航空必将踏着坚定的步伐,稳步发展壮大自己,再现历史的辉煌。     

Nitrogen fixation on early Mars and other terrestrial planets: experimental demonstration of abiotic fixation reactions to nitrite and nitrate

Understanding the abiotic fixation of nitrogen is critical to understanding planetary evolution and the potential origin of life on terrestrial planets. Nitrogen, an essential biochemical element, is certainly necessary for life as we know it to arise. The loss of atmospheric nitrogen can result in an incapacity to sustain liquid water and impact planetary habitability and hydrological processes that shape the surface. However, our current understanding of how such fixation may occur is almost entirely theoretical. This work experimentally examines the chemistry, in both gas and aqueous phases, that would occur from the formation of NO and CO by the shock heating of a model carbon dioxide/nitrogen atmosphere such as is currently thought to exist on early terrestrial planets. The results show that two pathways exist for the abiotic fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere into the crust: one via HNO and another via NO(2). Fixation via HNO, which requires liquid water, could represent fixation on a planet with liquid water (and hence would also be a source of nitrogen for the origin of life). The pathway via NO(2) does not require liquid water and shows that fixation could occur even when liquid water has been lost from a planet's surface (for example, continuing to remove nitrogen through NO(2) reaction with ice, adsorbed water, etc.).     

Ultrastructural study of iron oxide precipitates: implications for the search for biosignatures in the Meridiani hematite concretions, Mars

Two terrestrial environments that have been proposed as analogs for the iron oxide precipitation in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars include the Rio Tinto precipitates and southern Utah marble concretions. Samples of two typical Utah iron oxide concretions and iron oxide precipitates in contact with biofilms from Rio Tinto have been studied to determine whether evidence could be found for biomediation in the precipitation process and to identify likely locations for fossil microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to search for biosignatures in the Utah marbles. The precipitation of iron oxides resembles known biosignatures, though organic compounds could not be confirmed with GC-MS analysis. In contrast, textural variations induced by biological activity are abundant in the modern Rio Tinto samples. Although no compelling evidence of direct or indirect biomediation was found in the Utah marbles, the ultrastructure of the iron oxide cement in the concretion suggests an inward growth during concretion precipitation from an initially spherical redox front. No indication for growth from a physical nucleus was found.     

With a grain of salt: what halite has to offer to discussions on the origin of life

This experimental study investigated how the dynamics of the crystallization of the evaporite mineral halite could affect the accumulation and preservation of organic macromolecules present in the crystallizing solution. Halite was grown under controlled conditions in the presence of polymer nanoparticles that acted as an analog to protocellular material. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to trace the localization of the nanoparticles during and after growth of halite crystals. The present study revealed that the organic nanoparticles were not regularly incorporated within the halite, but were very concentrated on its surfaces. Their distribution was controlled dominantly by the morphologic surface features of the mineral rather than by specific molecular interactions with an atomic plane of the mineral. This means that the distribution of organic molecules was controlled by surfaces like those of halite's evaporitic growth forms. The experiments with halite also demonstrated that a mineral need not continuously incorporate organic molecules during its crystallization to preserve those molecules: After rejection by (non-incorporation into) the crystallizing halite, the organic nanoparticles increased in concentration in the evaporating brine. They ultimately either adsorbed in rectilinear patterns onto the hopper-enhanced surfaces and along discontinuities within the crystals, or they were encapsulated within fluid inclusions. Of additional importance in origin-of-life considerations is the fact that halite in the natural environment rapidly can change its role from that of a protective repository (in the absence of water) to that of a source of organic particles (as soon as water is present) when the mineral dissolves.     

Microbial survival rates of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under low temperature, low pressure, and UV-Irradiation conditions, and their relevance to possible Martian life

Viability rates were determined for microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under the environmental stresses of low temperature (-35 degrees C), low-pressure conditions (83.3 kPa), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (37 W/m(2)). During the stress tests the organisms were suspended in saltwater soil and freshwater soil media, at variable burial depths, and in seawater. Microbial populations of both organisms were most susceptible to dehydration stress associated with low-pressure conditions, and to UV irradiation. However, suspension in a liquid water medium and burial at larger depths (5 cm) improved survival rates markedly. Our results indicate that planetary surfaces that possess little to no atmosphere and have low water availability do not constitute a favorable environment for terrestrial microorganisms.     

用于卫星姿态机动控制的一种自适应模糊控制器

卫星的姿态机动控制要求机动快速和较强鲁棒性.纯模糊控制器响应快、鲁棒性好,能够方便地应用人的智能,但是模糊规则库的构建需要预先获取足够的语言信息.从Lyapunov函数出发设计了一个稳定的直接型自适应模糊姿态机动控制系统,控制器能够在初始语言信息很少的条件下通过自适应律调整语言信息参数而得到合适的模糊规则,使控制器具有更强的适应能力.数学仿真比较了在完全没有语言信息和有一条语言信息的情况下控制系统的表现,表明仅有一条语言信息时控制系统性能就能够显示得十分出色.最后,仿真结果证实了自适应模糊控制器良好的鲁棒性.      

Study of the Enhancement Events of Relativistic Electron at the Geosynchronous Orbit

The high flux of energetic electron on geostationary orbit can induce many kinds of malfunction of the satellite there, within which the bulk-charging is the most significant that several broadcast satellite failures were confirmed to be due to this effect. The electron flux on geostationary orbit varies in a large range even up to three orders accompanied the passage of interplanetary magnetic cloud and the following geomagnetic disturbances. Upon the investigation of electron flux enhancement events, two types of events were partitioned as recurrent events and random ones. Both of the two kinds of events relate to the interplanetary conditions such as solar wind parameters, IMF etc and their evolution characters as well. As for the recurrent events, we found that, (1) all of the events exhibits periodic recurrence about 27 days, (2) significant increase of electron flux relates to interplanetary index and characters of their distribution, (3) the electron flux also has relation to solar activity index. An artificial neural network was constructed to estimate the flux I day ahead. The random electron flux enhancement events are rare and present different distribution figures to the recurrent ones. The figure of the random events and the conditions of their occurrence is also discussed in this paper.