超声滚压技术在表面强化中的研究与应用进展

超声滚压加工是一种复合特种加工技术，其综合了传统滚压和超声加工的材料去除方式，在增加残余应力提高表面完整性、抗疲劳、抗腐蚀、耐磨损等方面具有显著的优势。自该技术应用至今，国内外学者做了大量有关超声滚压工艺及机理方面的研究，并在多种重要金属材料及关键零部件中应用。本文首先总结了国内外滚压装置的发展现状；其次论述了超声滚压机理研究的主要方法（理论法、有限元法和实验法）研究进展，指出以上3种方法的优缺点及待解决问题；随后总结了超声滚压对表面完整性（包括微观结构、表面形貌、微观硬度、残余应力）的影响规律，超声滚压对提高抗疲劳特性及其他性能影响，并指出超声滚压目前存在的不足及尚待解决的问题；最后就超声滚压技术进一步研究和发展方向进行展望，从而为曲面的超声滚压制造提供一定的参考。     

Ti/Al叠层结构低频振动制孔试验研究

钛合金与铝合金叠层构件的装配孔制备过程中存在孔壁质量差、尺寸超差等问题,为解决该问题,开展了低频轴向振动扩孔、铰孔与传统扩孔、铰孔的对比试验,重点分析了其在切屑形态、加工质量等方面的差异.结果表明,振动制孔技术能够产生C形或发条形切屑,利于切屑排出,减小铝合金孔壁的划伤.使用振动辅助技术进行一次扩孔与一次铰孔后,钛合金与铝合金孔壁粗糙度均可低于Ra0.6μm,孔径精度可满足H7公差等级,出口毛刺高度小于200μm.     

PSO-LSSVM在民机气动性能数学建模上的应用

目前风洞试验仅为民用飞机飞行性能提供有限数据.全飞行包线的技术支持对于民机飞行试验十分重要,需要采用数学建模和参数辨识的方法.选择合适的机器学习算法是参数辨识中最为关键的一步.支持向量机(SVM)采用结构风险最小化原理,尤其适用于小样本情形.根据A320非巡航起降阶段的几组真实数据,以及全机气动力估算的结果,使用最小二乘支持向量机建立预测模型.随后采用粒子群算法优化模型参数从而提升泛化能力.由此实现民机飞行包线的气动性能整体建模与辨识.与Ma=0.78时的实验数据相比较,PSO-LSSVM模型的预测结果吻合,是一种有效的气动数学建模方法.     

Numerical simulations of turbulent flows in aeroramp injector/gas-pilot flame scramjet

To uncover the internal flow characteristics in an ethylene-fueled aeroramp injector/gaspilot(ARI/G-P)flame scramjet,a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)solver is constructed under a hybrid polyhedral cell finite volume frame.The shear stress transport(SST)k-x model is used to predict the turbulence,while the Overmann’s compressibility corrected laminar flamelet model is adopted to simulate the turbulent combustion.Nonreactive computations for Case 1(G-P jet on),Case 2(ARI jets on),and Case 3(both ARI and G-P jets on)were conducted to analyze the mixing mechanism,while reactive Cases 4–7 at equivalent ratios of 0.380,0.278,0.199 and0.167 respectively were calculated to investigate the flame structure and combustion modes.The numerical results are compared well to those of the experiments.It is shown that the G-P jet plays significant role in both the fuel/air mixing and flame holding processes;the combustion for the four reactive cases takes place intensively in the regions downstream of the ARI/G-P unit;Cases 4 and 5are under subsonic combustion mode,whereas Cases 6 and 7 are mode transition critical and supersonic combustion cases,respectively;the mode transition equivalent ratio is approximately 0.20.     

白天激光漫反射测距中微弱信号检测的单开门多触发方法

白天激光漫反射测距因存在强背景噪声,导致微弱回波信号的检测十分困难,严重限制了激光漫反射测距的广泛应用。因此,提出了采用单开门多触发方法解决白天激光漫反射测距的微弱信号检测难题。首先,介绍了一种GM-APD (Geiger-ModeAvalanchePhotoDiode,盖革模式雪崩光电二极管)多触发概率分布函数的快速求解方法。接着,取激光漫反射测距系统典型参数,理论分析了多触发情况下的回波信号检测概率,分析结果表明单开门多触发方法可提高激光漫反射测距在白天情况下的回波信号检测概率。同时,通过对触发次数限制的优选,可以增加有效检测比,减少白天观测条件下回波信号的提取代价。最终,通过系统仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性。因此,单开门多触发方法是解决白天激光漫反射测距微弱信号检测的可行途径之一。     

非线性弹簧形态优化及可调节恒力装置设计

基于组合结构研究一种可调节恒力装置的设计方法，恒力装置由负刚度非线性弹簧和正刚度线性弹簧组合而成。采用B样条曲线描述非线性弹簧的形态，基于GA算法和非线性有限元法实现非线性弹簧的形态优化设计。根据恒力装置的工作原理，设计线性螺旋弹簧，并分析刚度/强度特性。组合结构的力学性能分析表明恒力装置可以实现输出恒力。为了实现自我保护、输出的恒力大小/方向可调，进行了恒力装置的部组件设计。本文的恒力装置设计方法为平面薄膜天线和太阳电池阵的工程研制提供了技术支撑。     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

“三美论”下的《红楼梦》“雪景联诗”两英译本赏析

许渊冲教授提出的"三美"翻译理论对于诗歌翻译具有重要的指导作用。从"三美"原则出发,分别以Hawks David及杨宪益、戴乃迭的《红楼梦》译本中"雪景联诗"为研究对象,通过对比分析探讨其得与失,旨在为中国古典诗歌翻译提供一些可供借鉴的方法。