近似完美重构的数字信道化实现方法及FPGA资源对比

宽带柔性转发器具有多体制支持能力强、链路连接灵活可变、频率规划在轨按需可变的突出特点，是满足未来宽带卫星发展需求的一类核心载荷，其核心部分采用了近似完美重构的数字信道化技术。对两种主流的数字信道化算法进行了仿真比较，并针对一种子带滤波器的要求，提出了两种实现方法：子带拼接法和直接信道化法，并以Xilinx 公司Virtex 4系列的V4SX55型FPGA为例，对两种方法的FPGA资源占用情况进行了对比，给出了两种方法各自适合的应用场景。结果表明，当信道化路数≤256时，应使用子带拼接法；当信道化路数≥512，且<2048时，两种方法均可应用；当信道化路数≥2048时，则只能应用直接信道化法。     

超导重力仪器:机遇与挑战

超导重力仪器是利用超导电性构建的精密相对重力测量仪器，其工作于4.2K液氦温度，具有仪器固有噪声低、稳定性好的特点。阐述了超导重力仪和超导重力梯度仪两种仪器的工作原理与技术特征，简要介绍了作者所在课题组超导重力仪器研制的进展情况。分析了我国资源勘查用航空超导重力梯度仪研制所面临的机遇与挑战，提出了应对技术挑战的策略方法。     

磁扰日向阳面对流电场转向区位置的晨昏不对称性(STARE、TRIAD、AE-C观测综合分析)

本文通过STARE观测的晨不连续性及其与TRIAD观测的场向电流分界区、AE-C卫星观测的电场转向区位置的比较,提出了在高扰日向阳面对流电场转向区位置存在着晨不对称性——晨半面所处纬度低于昏半面.该现象间接说明向阳面磁层边界层也存在某种不对称性.并在观测基础上对可造成该不对称性的物理因子进行了探讨,认为行星际磁场螺线结构对重连区位置的影响及其产生的激波结构的晨昏不对称性很可能与本文中讨论的现象有一定联系.      

可变速发电机对多机电力系统的稳定性提高的影响

阐述了可变速发电机(ASG)对多机电力系统的稳定性提高有着明显的效果。为了利用电力系统模拟仿真器进行实时仿真，开发了基于个人计算机(PC)的可变速发电机模组。通过将Matlab／Simulink环境下建立的ASG三相瞬时值模型装到PC里的数字处理器(DSP)板上运行，来实现更为详细的实时仿真。通过DSP板上的AD／DA转换接口，对基于PC的ASG模组与电力系统模拟仿真器等实施了物理连接，进行了多机电力系统的实时仿真．所有的仿真结果均显示，引入可变速发电机后，多机电力系统的整体稳定性有了大幅度的提高．     

在电解高纯石英谐振器中辐照引起的频率和电阻的变化

本文描述了由电解高纯石英制造的高精密5兆赫AT切石英谐振器中辐照引起的频率和电阻的变化。文中介绍了辐照测量方法、瞬态和稳态数据,以及热模拟结果。依嗦尔研究成果中的光学级和超Q石英可以像生长的晶体一样足够纯,得出的结论是:1)没有观察到通常与频率时间相关的t~(-1/2)恢复特性;2)如果未经电解,杂质含量仍然很高,足以在离子辐照脉冲后的一个短时间内使品质因数明显下降;3)由于电解能够进一步降低辐照响应,所以,杂质的影响不再很明显;4)电解石英的瞬时辐照响应实际上主要是热造成的。     

MMS星座对磁层顶磁通量绳内离子惯性尺度结构的观测

利用MMS观测数据,对磁层顶通量绳内离子惯性尺度（d_i）的结构进行分析研究.结果发现,许多不同尺度（约1d_i至数十d_i）的通量绳内都存在具有d_i尺度的电流 j _m,其方向在磁层顶局地坐标系的-M方向,即与磁层顶查普曼-费拉罗电流同向,由电子在+M方向的运动（ v _em）携带.这些电流结构具有以下特征:磁鞘与磁层成分混合,磁场为开放形态;离子去磁化,电子与磁场冻结;N方向（即垂直于磁层顶电流片方向）的电场 E _n显著增大,幅度达到约20mV·m-1,并伴有明显的尖峰状起伏,该增强和尖峰状起伏的电场对应于霍尔电场.分析表明,电流、电子与离子运动的偏离以及霍尔电场之间遵从广义欧姆定律,三者密切关联.进一步对磁层顶磁重联的探测数据进行分析发现,在很多重联区内也存在与通量绳内相似的结构,其尺度约为d_i量级,其中霍尔电场 E _N、电流 j _M和电子速度 v _eM均与通量绳内对应物理量的方向相同且幅度相近.基于上述观测事实,采用经典FTE通量绳模型,对通量绳内电流、电子运动和霍尔电场的起源进行了初步探讨,认为其来源于磁层顶无碰撞磁重联区内的相应结构,并且后者在离子尺度通量绳的形成过程中起到重要作用.      

TC-1和Geotail对亚暴过程中近地等离子体片磁扰动的联合观测

以2004年9月28日02:53:20 UT的亚暴为例, 通过TC-1在磁尾约12.5 R_e 和Geotail卫星在近地磁尾等离子体片约8～9 R_e的联合观测, 研究亚暴触发过程中近地磁尾等离子体片中等离子体波动特征. 结果表明, 亚暴触发区是近地磁尾中心等离子体片中较小的一个区域, 在亚暴触发区中低混杂不稳定性在近地磁尾等离子体片中存在, 准垂直传播的低混杂波发生在亚暴触发过程中, 而亚暴触发过程中近地磁尾等离子体片外边界区内的磁场偶极化信号和扰动都非常微弱. 在亚暴触发和亚暴膨胀相过程中出现了多次具有不同特征的磁场偶极化现象.      

Topological biosignatures: large-scale structure of chemical networks from biology and astrochemistry

The chemical basis of life involves more than simply the presence of biological molecules; biochemical systems embody a complex network of reactions with characteristic topological features. At the same time, chemical complexity is also present in nonbiological contexts, inviting us to clarify the relationship between chemistry and life through comparative studies. This study examines chemical networks from biology (the metabolism of E. coli) and astronomy (gas-phase reactions in dark molecular clouds) to establish common topological features that may be generic for any complex chemical system, as well as clear differences that may be topological signatures of life. The biological and astrochemical networks exhibit different scaling behaviors, and the network motifs found in the two systems show similarities as well as significant differences. The PageRank algorithm was used to quantify the degree to which individual species act primarily as products or reactants; in the metabolic network, these two roles are nearly identical for most species, whereas the astrochemical network shows a clearer partitioning into reactants and products.     

The microbial habitability of weathered volcanic glass inferred from continuous sensing techniques

Basaltic glasses (hyaloclastite) are a widespread habitat for life in volcanic environments, yet their interior physical conditions are poorly characterized. We investigated the characteristics of exposed weathered basaltic glass from a surface outcrop in Iceland, using microprobes capable of continuous sensing, to determine whether the physical conditions in the rock interior are hospitable to microbial life. The material provided thermal protection from freeze-thaw and rapid temperature fluctuations, similar to data reported for other rock types. Water activity experiments showed that at moisture contents less than 13% wet weight, the glass and its weathering product, palagonite, had a water activity below levels suitable for bacterial growth. In pore spaces, however, these higher moisture conditions might be maintained for many days after a precipitation event. Gas exchange between the rock interior and exterior was rapid (< 10 min) when the rocks were dry, but when saturated with water, equilibration took many hours. During this period, we demonstrated the potential for low oxygen conditions within the rock caused by respiratory stimulation of the heterotrophic community within. These conditions might exist within subglacial environments during the formation of the rocks or in micro-environments in the interior of exposed rocks. The experiments showed that microbial communities at the site studied here could potentially be active for 39% of the year, if the depth of the community within the outcrop maintains a balance between access to liquid water and adequate protection from freezing. In the absence of precipitation, the interior of weathered basaltic glass is an extreme and life-limiting environment for microorganisms on Earth and other planets.