45% SiCp/Al复合材料的微动磨损试验设计与验证

针对运载发射阶段卫星锁轴机构45%SiCp/Al复合材料与TC4材料之间可能存在的微动摩擦磨损与切向接触刚度问题，本文在调研和仿真分析的基础上，设计等效的扫频微动摩擦磨损试验系统。通过夹持力的标定保证最大影响因素接触应力的一致，采用扫频振动模拟摩擦副受载工况，并对45%SiCp/Al复合材料试件表面形貌进行振前振后检测。试验结果表明，45%SiCp/Al复合材料在较高的形状精度和表面粗糙度条件下，能够承受较大载荷的微动摩擦，摩擦副结合面具有良好的切向接触刚度。     

模糊评价法在分散实习成绩评定中的应用

分散实习中，当某些学生工地偏远，指导老师监管困难时，其成绩评定只能依赖实习成果成绩与答辩成绩，这是一个多因素综合评价问题，采用模糊评价法能避免评价过程中主观性因素对结果的影响，研究提出了分散实习模糊评价体系，给出了综合评判义性失效时的解决办法，讨论了模糊评价方法的可行性。     

An optimization tool for satellite equipment layout

Selection of the satellite equipment layout with performance constraints is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multi-objective optimization and a multiple criteria decision making problem. The layout design of a satellite cabin involves the process of locating the required equipment in a limited space, thereby satisfying various behavioral constraints of the interior and exterior environments. The layout optimization of satellite cabin in this paper includes the C.G. offset, the moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk of the system, of which the impact risk index is developed to quantify the risk to a satellite cabin of coming into contact with space debris. In this paper an optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite. The effectiveness of the tool is also demonstrated by applying to the layout optimization of a satellite platform.     

基于碱金属辅助电离的等离子鞘套模拟方法

为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题，对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据，计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备，概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案，选取相适应的放电方式，并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题，提出添加碱金属的解决方案，并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估，预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

基于稀疏时频分解的空中目标微动特征分析

本文以直升机的RCS 信号为研究对象，利用Gabor 原子构造过完备时频原子库，在该库上实现基于匹配追踪（Matching Pursuit，MP）的信号分解，并结合遗传算法寻找最佳匹配原子。最后将每次分解得到的Gabor 原子进行Wigner-Ville 变换，利用结果叠加得到无交叉干扰项的信号的Wigner-Ville 分布（Wigner-VilleDistribution，WVD）。仿真结果表明，该方法能够提高稀疏分解的效率，并且用少量的Gabor 原子就能表示信号WVD。与直接进行Wigner-Ville 变换相比，本方法可以有效地抑制交叉干扰项，且保持高时频分辨率。     

面向高超声速飞行器双重不确定性的自适应状态估计

将高超声速飞行器双重不确定性因素建模为未知干扰输入项，针对状态演化方程和量测方程含有不同未知干扰输入的高超声速飞行器控制系统状态估计问题开展研究，提出一种基于自适应方差极小化的递推状态估计器(Adaptive variance minimization based Recursive Estimator, AVMRE)。首先建立了状态估计递推滤波器模型，实现滤波误差中的量测未知干扰解耦，之后引入自适应调整因子刻画状态未知干扰并推导了最小上界估计误差协方差矩阵，最后，基于最小方差估计准则设计了滤波器中的量测增益反馈矩阵。以外部突风和传感器故障为例，受内外部双重不确定性因素影响下的高超声速飞行器仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性，与相关算法的仿真对比反映了本文算法的优越性。     

H_2O/CO_2污染对煤油燃料双模态超声速燃烧室影响研究

在以电阻加热直连式试验系统为基础的污染对比试验平台上,通过纯净空气来流和H2O/CO2污染空气来流严格对比试验,研究了H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料双模态超声速燃烧室点火、火焰稳定及稳定燃烧性能等的影响。研究发现,(1)H2O污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧室点火具有一定的抑制作用,当H2O污染含量达到11%以上时不能实现可靠点火。(2)污染组分的存在会降低燃烧室的火焰稳定性,CO2污染对火焰稳定性的影响比相同含量H2O污染显著。(3)对于燃烧室无反应流动,纯净空气来流和污染空气来流时燃烧室壁面压力在一定范围内基本重合,仅局部存在微小差异。(4)污染组分的存在对煤油燃料超声速燃烧具有抑制作用,燃烧室壁面压力低于纯净空气试验,压力下降程度随污染水平升高而增大,最高达12%,CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的抑制作用比相同含量H2O污染显著。(5)污染组分的存在会导致燃烧室模态转换点发生变化,在较高的污染水平下,燃烧室的工作模态将会从相同油气比纯净空气来流下的亚燃模态转换为超燃模态。