An optimization tool for satellite equipment layout

Selection of the satellite equipment layout with performance constraints is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multi-objective optimization and a multiple criteria decision making problem. The layout design of a satellite cabin involves the process of locating the required equipment in a limited space, thereby satisfying various behavioral constraints of the interior and exterior environments. The layout optimization of satellite cabin in this paper includes the C.G. offset, the moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk of the system, of which the impact risk index is developed to quantify the risk to a satellite cabin of coming into contact with space debris. In this paper an optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite. The effectiveness of the tool is also demonstrated by applying to the layout optimization of a satellite platform.     

基于碱金属辅助电离的等离子鞘套模拟方法

为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题，对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据，计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备，概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案，选取相适应的放电方式，并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题，提出添加碱金属的解决方案，并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估，预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

基于稀疏时频分解的空中目标微动特征分析

本文以直升机的RCS 信号为研究对象，利用Gabor 原子构造过完备时频原子库，在该库上实现基于匹配追踪（Matching Pursuit，MP）的信号分解，并结合遗传算法寻找最佳匹配原子。最后将每次分解得到的Gabor 原子进行Wigner-Ville 变换，利用结果叠加得到无交叉干扰项的信号的Wigner-Ville 分布（Wigner-VilleDistribution，WVD）。仿真结果表明，该方法能够提高稀疏分解的效率，并且用少量的Gabor 原子就能表示信号WVD。与直接进行Wigner-Ville 变换相比，本方法可以有效地抑制交叉干扰项，且保持高时频分辨率。     

交会对接光学成像敏感器中合作目标的分析与设计

交会对接技术是实现太空梭、太空平台和空间运输系统的装配、回收、补给、维修、太空人交换及营救等在轨服务的先决条件，交会对接光学成像敏感器是两航天器交会对接近距离平移靠拢段唯一能够提供六自由度相对导航信息的敏感器，由安装于追踪飞行器上的相机和安装于目标飞行器上的合作目标组成，采用角反射器作为合作目标标志，完成两飞行器间的相对位姿的解算.对其需求分析、设计方案、回光能量测试等进行了讨论，该方案已在神舟十一号载人飞船、天舟一号货运飞船与天宫二号的交会对接任务中成功验证，后续针对空间站及光学舱任务进行适应性修改.     

共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂阻力特性试验

共轴刚性旋翼直升机在突破常规直升机前飞速度极限的同时会产生巨大的桨毂阻力。为研究共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂的阻力特性,采用天平测力的方式在1.4m×1.4m直流风洞中对不同的共轴双桨毂组合模型进行了风洞试验。试验状态变量包括桨毂转速、模型各部件间缝隙和不同整流模型组合。试验结果表明:共轴双桨毂试验模型的阻力受对称光滑桨毂旋转运动的影响基本可忽略;各整流部件间缝隙对模型所受阻力影响较大,大缝隙会使试验模型阻力增大;各整流部件分离尾流存在较大的气动干扰,使模型所受阻力明显增加。     

H_2O/CO_2污染对煤油燃料双模态超声速燃烧室影响研究

在以电阻加热直连式试验系统为基础的污染对比试验平台上,通过纯净空气来流和H2O/CO2污染空气来流严格对比试验,研究了H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料双模态超声速燃烧室点火、火焰稳定及稳定燃烧性能等的影响。研究发现,(1)H2O污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧室点火具有一定的抑制作用,当H2O污染含量达到11%以上时不能实现可靠点火。(2)污染组分的存在会降低燃烧室的火焰稳定性,CO2污染对火焰稳定性的影响比相同含量H2O污染显著。(3)对于燃烧室无反应流动,纯净空气来流和污染空气来流时燃烧室壁面压力在一定范围内基本重合,仅局部存在微小差异。(4)污染组分的存在对煤油燃料超声速燃烧具有抑制作用,燃烧室壁面压力低于纯净空气试验,压力下降程度随污染水平升高而增大,最高达12%,CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的抑制作用比相同含量H2O污染显著。(5)污染组分的存在会导致燃烧室模态转换点发生变化,在较高的污染水平下,燃烧室的工作模态将会从相同油气比纯净空气来流下的亚燃模态转换为超燃模态。     

甲烷/空气预混火焰回火特性数值模拟

为了获得有效的预测回火极限的数值模拟方法,对甲烷/空气预混火焰进行了数值模拟。采用不同的反应机理和燃烧模型,针对一个二维轴对称的本生灯,分别对甲烷/空气预混层流火焰和湍流火焰进行了数值模拟,预测了甲烷/空气预混火焰的回火特性,并与Johnson的实验结果进行了对比。对层流火焰的模拟结果表明,采用Smooke-46反应机理能够较为准确地预测层流回火极限。而单步化学反应所预测的层流回火极限要比实验值低得多,这说明单步化学反应下的火焰更难以发生回火。对湍流火焰的模拟结果表明,涡耗散概念模型比有限速率模型更准确地预测了湍流回火极限。有限速率模型所预测的回火极限略高于实验值。     

IrRh40-IrRh10高温热电偶热电性能及应用研究

针对常规铱铑-铱热电偶负极铱在测试过程容易断裂的问题,提出了采用双铱铑合金热电偶改善其机械性能的方法,并用高温热电偶校准装置对IrRh40-IrRh10热电偶的热电特性进行了研究和验证,表明其热电特性线有良好的线性,灵敏度约为3μV/℃。利用该类型热电偶制作的气流温度传感器,适用于发动机及导弹等武器装备研制试验中高温气流温度的测量。     

单轨火箭橇阻力板刹车技术研究

简要介绍了火箭橇刹车技术, 着重阐述阻力板刹车技术原理, 阻力板设 计、优化方法,并以某型试验为例,对阻力板在多级单轨火箭橇试验中的应用方法以及 阻力板设计,气动仿真结果进行详细分析和研究。该研究首先通过气动仿真分析对已完 成试验的火箭橇进行气动分析计算,通过对比试验结果验证分析计算的正确性;再通过 相同的方法对某型设计有阻力板的火箭橇进行分析计算,计算出此火箭橇气动阻力。分 析显示,本研究有效提高了火箭橇无损回收的可靠性。