倾听香江

五月的香江,和风拂面,水波盈盈,帆影点点,人流如织。五月的香江,骤雨初晴,阳光朗照,紫荆花艳,曼舞轻歌。五月的香江,诗意蒙蒙,淡雅柔美,典藏青春,记忆奔涌。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器地形匹配辅助导航方法研究

高超声速滑翔飞行器滑翔飞行高度在30 km以上，大气极其稀薄，传统采用气压高度计的地形匹配辅助导航方式将无法正常工作。为实现高精度地形匹配，在分析匹配算法对地形常值误差不敏感的基础上，详细论证了基于惯性系统解算绝对高度方案，并对比分析了将短时滑翔段弹道简化为等高飞行方案。在捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）误差模型基础上，结合高度通道方块图，通过拉普拉斯变换，建立了惯性系统高度通道短时稳定性解析模型，并以CAV-H为研究对象建立数值仿真环境。仿真结果表明，解析模型精度较高，基于SINS解算绝对高度能够满足地形匹配辅助导航系统精度要求，优于气压高度计正常工作时的精度。      

翼身融合布局飞机机体-发动机气动干扰效应

翼身融合（BWB）布局飞机是一种相对较新的飞行器概念，具有商业运输飞机的潜在用途。研究表明，翼身融合布局客机可获得比常规布局客机更好的性能。但是，由于各方面限制，BWB飞机不宜使用传统的机翼安装或机身安装的发动机布局，发动机背部安装成为首选布局。然而，背部安装发动机容易产生激波、分离、进气畸变等空气动力干扰问题，发动机与机身一体化的气动设计已成为BWB飞机发展的关键技术。针对BWB布局飞机的机体和发动机之间的气动干扰进行了数值研究，结果表明，背部安装发动机对BWB布局飞机的全机气动特性和发动机本身的推力性能都会产生较为明显的影响。     

基于Matlab的时域低阶等效系统的实现方法

基于Matlab软件实现了一套完整的时域低阶等效系统拟配方法。该方法以离散飞行试验数据作为数据源,包含数据预处理、等效系统拟配和纵向飞行品质分析三大模块。等效系统拟配分别应用了遗传算法加最小二乘法的混合寻优算法和多次循环的最小二乘算法。算例验证结果表明,以上两种方法均取得了良好的拟配效果。通过对实际飞行数据进行处理分析,表明所建立的时域低阶等效系统方法使用方便,计算高效,同时具有较高的可靠性。     

基于中介理论与交通特性的终端区态势评价

终端区交通态势的准确度量是制定并实施流量管理措施的重要依据之一。通过提取终端区宏观与微观的交通特性,从进离场及总量3个维度构建态势的指标描述,并进一步采用中介理论中的真值程度度量与熵权法建立了一种客观的终端区飞行区交通态势模糊综合评价方法,实现客观、准确的交通态势判别与样本间量化比较。选取国内典型繁忙终端区的实测数据,验证了评价方法与特性指标的有效性。     

基于IDDES方法的翼型结冰失速分离流动数值模拟

应用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的IDDES(Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)方法,就失速点附近翼型前缘典型双角状积冰导致的复杂分离流动进行了数值模拟研究.通过与风洞试验结果进行对比,表明对于此类分离流动问题,IDDES方法能够在壁面附近取得良好的速度预测结果,有效解析分离区域内的中小尺度湍流结构,较为准确地描述大尺度时均分离泡的再附位置和形态特征,适用于翼型结冰后复杂流动的精细分析.同时计算结果显示当此带冰翼型位于失速点附近时,角状冰后方脱落剪切层内部的旋涡不稳定析出和输运过程促进了外部流动与回流区域流动间的掺混,将导致流动发生非定常再附现象.     

小型固定翼无人机集群综述和未来发展综述

围绕小型固定翼无人机集群这一难度高、发展快、应用前景广阔、多学科交叉的新方向,从集群系统内涵、现有典型项目、关键技术3个角度综述了国内外小型固定翼无人机集群的研究现状。在系统梳理集群系统内涵和应用优势的基础上,从集群协同模式探索、分布指挥体系构建、核心关键技术突破和集群验证等4个视角总结现有典型项目,从体系架构、通信组网、决策与规划、飞机平台、集群飞行、集群安全与集群指控等7个核心点综述了技术研究现状。最后,综合小型固定翼无人机集群中亟需解决的关键技术,展望了这一领域未来的发展趋势。     

首款国产大飞机发动机技术特点及其市场前景浅析

未来20年C919飞机群整体需要5000台份发动机,LEAP-X1C有可能将占到2500～3500台份;而SF-A和SF-B将占到1500～2500台份。这样的市场预测值对于LEAP-X1C与SF-A和SF-B来讲都是相当可观的。     

Women and couples in isolated extreme environments: applications for long-duration missions

Expedition teams provide a number of analogs relevant to crew selection for long-duration space missions. Three groups were studied that varied in team composition. Group 1 was a two woman international dyad that traversed the Antarctic continent in 97 days. Similarities in problem solving approach, respect for each other's opinions, and a collaborative process of decision making were evident. Group 2 was composed of four women, all from different countries, engaged in a six week trek across Greenland. The most important factors in overcoming interpersonal difficulties and contributing to the successful completion of the expedition were mutual respect and motivation to maintain positive and supportive relationships. Group 3 consisted of three married couples from different countries icelocked on a boat in the High Arctic for a 9 month period. The emotional support of and ability to confide in their partner were extremely important in alleviating interpersonal tensions, and contributed to the generally effective functioning of the group. Women add an element of emotional support and help to other team members that is not as evident in all-male groups. Selection of couples with strong bonds to each other is another paradigm for crew selection for extended missions.     

Long-term operation of "Orlan" space suits in the "Mir" orbiting station: experience obtained and its application

The started assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) and its further operation will call for a great number of extravehicular activity sorties (EVA) to be performed by ISS crews. Therefore, of great importance is to make use of the EVA experience gained by cosmonauts in the process of 15-year operation of the Mir orbiting station (OS). Over the 15-year period, Mir crewmembers wearing Orlan type semi-rigid space suits have accumulated 158 man/sorties from the orbiting station. Crewmembers used 15 suits in orbit and some of the suits were in operation for more than 3 years. The paper presents principal design features, which provide effective and safe operation of orbit-based suits, and briefly describes procedures for preparation and maintenance of suit systems, which ensure long-term operation of space suit in orbit. The paper gives results of the space suit modifications, presents suit performance characteristics and lists novel or upgraded components of the space suit and its systems. The paper also summarizes improvements in the Orlan type suits described in some earlier publications. They refer, in the first run, to the improvement of space suit operations characteristics and reliability, and the utilization of the Orlan type space suit in the ISS program. The paper analyses the experience gained and drawbacks detected and observations made, and gives statistical data on long-term space suit operations aboard the Mir station. The paper reviews certain problems in the process of EVAs performed from the station, and describes the ways of their solution as applied to the further utilization of the suit within the ISS program.