风洞天平不回零校正及修正方法研究

本文报告了一台典型的六分量天平在瑞典航空研究院 MK6校正架上进行回零校正与不回零校正的比较,弄清了不回零校正与回零校正的差别,然后用三种修正方法对不回零校正的载荷进行修正,发现直接投影法修正的效果最好,此方法已用到 FFA 新建的1.5米跨音速风洞的校正架上。     

用薄板等积变换方法制造起伏构造的工艺问题研究(英文)

研究了用于夹层壁板的新型轻质芯材的制造问题。该种芯材是一种可改变平面方向的褶皱构造。采用薄板等积变换通过局部弯曲而不拉伸材料的方法制造该种芯材已成为可能。其主要难点在于 ,必须实现沿复杂的展开图上所有的画线同时弯曲。现借助于成形过程中使原来的构形组件变形解决其造型问题。本文提出的工艺方法可用于不同材料的深度起伏构造制造 ,如金属薄板和纸等。     

第五章 不平衡式容积液压振动器

不平衡式容积液压振动器是直接和容积式液压马达,或经过传动装置与液压马达相联系的不平衡系统。和所有不平衡式液压振动器一样,这些振动器由于构造简单、体积小、重量轻的优点,作为振动机的驱动装置获得了广泛应用。借助于这种振动器可得到振动机工作构件的圆周振动和定向振动。目前,液压振动器结构的嵌入式方案得到了最广泛的应     

地球观测系统时代之后的成像光谱技术

地球观测系统(EOS)时代将向地球系统科学遥感界提供有关大气、陆地表面和海洋间相互作用的大量新信息。由EOS-1平台上的高分辨率成像光谱仪(HIRIS)等仪器提供的高光谱和空间分辨率图像将成为EOS数据集的重要组成部分。可以预料,利用EOS可以进一步认识地球,但也要求未来的传感器比现有的这一代传感器具有更高的灵活性和测量能力。声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF′S)良好的光谱灵活性、偏振选择性及简单性预示着它在未来的成像光谱仪上的重要应用。AOTF′S是致密、紧固的固态晶体,它可对两种偏振态进行快速的(毫秒级)、电控的光谱调谐。本文将讨论基于AOTF的成像光谱仪的基本原理。     

Bubble detector characterization for space radiation

In light of the importance of the neutron contribution to the dose equivalent received by space workers in the near-Earth radiation environment, there is an increasing need for a personal dosimeter that is passive in nature and able to respond to this neutron field in real time. Recent Canadian technology has led to the development of a bubble detector, which is sensitive to neutrons, but insensitive to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. By changing the composition of the bubble detector fluid (or “superheat”), the detectors can be fabricated to respond to different types of radiation. This paper describes a preliminary ground-based research effort to better characterize the bubble detectors of different compositions at various charged-particle accelerator facilities, which are capable of simulating the space radiation field.     

航天飞机的固体火箭发动机

本文介绍了航天飞机用的助推固体火箭发动机(SRM)。其类型分为三种:当前执行任务的标准SRM,空间飞行运输8号用的高性能SRM;以及计划在1985年飞行用的纤维缠绕壳体SRM。航天飞机的SRM是获得飞行状态中最大的固体推进剂发动机,其直径为146英寸,长度为125英尺,装有1111000磅固体推进剂,最大推力(真空条件下)为3115000磅力。在首次飞行前成功地进行了7次地面试车,随后的三次飞行试验满足了发动机的全部技术指标。计划提高航天飞机的性能,从东海岸发射的有效载荷达到65000磅,在西海岸发射时(极轨道)达到32000磅。航天飞机性能提高是由于:1.采用高性能的SRM使航天飞机的有效载荷增加3000磅。2.SRM使用纤维缠绕壳体结构使航天飞机的有效载荷增加6000磅。前者靠改变SRM的推力——时间曲线和提高喷管的膨胀比来实现;后者靠减少壳体的消极重量来实现。     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

欧洲同步科学卫星用的远地点发动机

意大利斯尼亚粘胶公司和法国“欧洲推进公司”于1973年5月开始联合研制“GEOS”欧洲同步科学卫星的远地点发动机,前者负责计划管理,发动机设计,推进剂和绝热层研制,发动机的装配和试验;后者负责壳体、喷管和点火器的设计、制造和试验。计划于1976年1月完成,将成为欧洲首创的远地点发动机。发动机长1130毫米,直径684毫米,装端羧聚丁二烯推进剂267公斤,壳体材料用 Ti—6A1—4V 钛合金,绝热层用石棉乙丙橡胶,采用半潜入喷管,喉径67毫米,膨胀比37,高密度石墨喉衬,碳布缠绕扩散段。发动机总重303公斤,燃烧室平均压力23公斤/厘米~2,真空最大推力2360公斤,真空比冲286秒,使用温度范围-10~℃～+40℃,相应的燃烧时间为51和47秒。研制工作分初步设计、金属件设计,组件鉴定,研制试验,鉴定试验和验收试验六个阶段。研制、鉴定试验中全尺寸发动机试车4发,验收批4发,其中试车2发,交货2发,提出这个报告时,正进行鉴定试验工作,已经取得的试验结果都很好,但研制试验有一台发动机经 X 射线检查,发现装药有缺陷而未进行试车。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.