CCSDS高级在轨系统协议及其应用介绍

首先简要回顾了CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)AOS(高级在轨系统)建议及其在空间数据系统信息交换和处理方面的优势,然后介绍了继载人航天飞船有效载荷数据管理系统、"实践"五号卫星及双星探测计划之后,中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心在"嫦娥"卫星、月球车综合电子演示系统、百兆级高速多路复接器及"萤火"一号探测器上开展CCSDS AOS应用研究的新进展。     

Kalman弹道滤波器的快速收敛性研究

在弹道修正过程中,需根据一段实测弹道参数,准确地估算常规弹箭的飞行弹道。工程中,常应用Kalman滤波方法,结合质点弹道模型建立六状态滤波弹道模型。速度初值估计的准确性,是对滤波过程造成影响的主要因素。为改善这一状况,采用多项式拟合用以对速度状态进行估计并以此作为滤波初始值。在此种估计下滤波,速度滤波过程可快速收敛,位置滤波过程收敛速度大幅度提高,可使最优弹道诸元参数获取时间缩短30%。     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

失谐叶盘系统避共振可靠度评估方法

基于振动设计理论,考虑失谐叶盘系统激振频率和模态频率的相关性,提出了1种航空发动机失谐叶盘系统避共振可靠度的计算方法。通过确定性分析和概率分析说明了失谐会增加叶盘系统避共振难度,并得到叶盘系统模态频率的概率分布特性。在此基础上,运用所提出方法,拟合得到失谐叶盘系统的避共振可靠度响应面,进而用该响应面计算不同结构谐波系数下失谐叶盘系统避共振可靠度。将计算结果与蒙特卡洛法及未考虑激振频率和模态频率相关性的传统方法的结果进行对比,验证了所提出方法在失谐叶盘系统避共振可靠性分析中的准确性。     

Space Weather Service for Chinese Space Science Satellites

Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science has gained remarkable achievements. Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) affiliated with the National Space Science Center (NSSC) has been providing space weather services and helps secure space missions. Presently, SEPC is capable to offer a variety of space weather services covering many phases of space science missions including planning, design, launch, and orbital operation. The service packages consist of space weather forecasts, warnings, and effect analysis that can be utilized to avoid potential space weather hazard or reduce the damage caused by space storms, space radiation exposure for example. Extensive solar storms that occurred over Chinese Ghost Festival (CGF) in September 2017 led to a large enhancement of the solar energetic particle flux at 1 AU, which affected the near Earth radiation environment and brought great threat to orbiting satellites. Based on the space weather service by SEPC, satellite ground support groups collaborating with the space Tracking, Telemetering and Command system (TT&C) team were able to take immediate measures to react to the CGF solar storm event.      

基于等效焦面的离轴遥感相机积分时间计算方法

目前在轨和在研的光学遥感卫星大都搭载的是离轴遥感相机,为了保证视轴正对星下点成像,相机需要整体俯仰一定角度补偿离轴角,这样就导致相机的焦平面无法平行于星下点水平面进行推扫成像,相机的积分时间计算不准确。针对以上问题,提出一种基于等效焦面的高精度积分时间计算方法,该方法构建与星下点水平面平行的等效焦面,通过建立严密的几何关系,求出真正电荷转移时间对应的像元尺寸,从而得到准确的积分时间。仿真试验表明,该方法可以将积分时间计算精度提高1.2%,为卫星在轨提高成像质量提供有效手段。     

基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律

针对带有攻击时间和终端攻击角度约束的导弹制导问题,设计了一种基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律,并给出了明确的性能指标。推导广义最优角度控制制导律作用下的剩余飞行时间估算表达式,在广义最优角度控制制导律的基础上增加攻击时间误差反馈项,将攻击时间误差看做跟踪误差,设计的制导律使跟踪误差以最优模式在有限时间内收敛到零,最终实现攻击时间和终端攻击角度的共同控制。对不同参数下的情况进行仿真,验证了所提制导律的有效性。     

缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验

为深入了解涡扇发动机喷流噪声特性,验证喷流噪声降噪方法,建立发动机喷流噪声数据库,在法国国家航天航空研究中心的CEPRA19声学风洞开展了缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验测试工作。针对发动机热喷流模拟系统,设计加工了面积比（外涵喷嘴面积与内涵喷嘴面积之比）为5和7的两种喷嘴构型试验模型。通过减小高温区域单个零件长度尺寸和零件壁厚的方法,降低热膨胀对模型尺寸的影响。在声学风洞中完成了不同工况条件下两种面积比圆形喷嘴和锯齿形喷嘴的远场噪声特性测试。通过对远场测量噪声频谱进行分析,发现随着来流速度的增大喷流噪声会减小,采用锯齿形喷嘴设计在中低频喷流噪声水平降低,在高频噪声水平有所增加。     

一种新型弱撞击对接机构运动学分析

目前各国在轨应用的对接机构属于硬碰撞式对接机构,在此构型下两航天器在空间进行碰撞接触时撞击能量较大,并且此结构下目标飞行器的对接范围较窄。随着空间探测任务的深入,需要对对接机构提出更高层次的设计要求,因此弱撞击对接机构也将成为空间探测任务中一项重要的研究方向。本文对弱撞击对接机构运动学的正解和反解进行了研究分析,得到了相应的推导公式,并通过MATLAB软件对其进行了算例校验。求解出了对接环运动速度和执行推杆伸出速度的关系,这对弱撞击对接机构的工程研制有很大的应用价值。