改进的电热除冰系统的仿真方法

建立了电热除冰系统矩形微段的二维简化物理模型，采用焓法模型建立相变导热问题的微分控制方程，用控制容积法对该模型的控制方程及其边界、初始条件进行离散，使用块修正技术对原有的离散方程组的求解方法进行了改进，得到各个时刻的温度分布及冰的融解情况。计算结果与国外文献结果吻合，验证了改进的算法和程序的正确性。并计算分析了时间步长的选择、网格的划分对计算结果的影响。     

U71Mn干线钢轨开裂原因及热处理工艺分析

针对U71Mn60Kg/m干线钢轨使用过程中轨端发生开裂损伤现象,采用硬度检测分析及金相显微技术等手段对所取试样进行了宏观和微观的组织分析。探讨了一些新的淬火技术在高速铁路用钢轨轨端表面淬火中的应用。结果表明:原钢轨轨端表面淬火工艺不当,淬硬层厚度不够,层深不均且表层硬度相差较大,使钢轨轨端机械性能尤其是疲劳强度无法满足干线铁路高速运行列车对钢轨的使用要求,造成开裂损伤。较合理的工艺应采用多喷嘴式仿形喷头加热,并控制好加热后的冷却及回火工艺。采用工频感应热处理工艺也能得到较好的显微组织和性能。     

基于可观测度分析和增量因子图的多源融合导航方法

复杂动态场景下高精度导航定位是自主无人系统决策规划与控制执行的基础。在城市峡谷、隧道、地下或室内停车场等场景下，卫星信号弱甚至丢失，严重影响了惯性/卫星/视觉等多源融合导航的精度和可靠性。为主动适应动态场景变化，迫切需要设计一种适用于跨场景的多源融合导航系统。基于动态时变系统的可观测度分析，在线度量惯性/卫星、惯性/视觉等组合导航因子的可信程度，进而采用因子图融合导航框架，根据各组合导航因子的可信程度，主动优化因子构建和增量平滑过程，以实现多传感器自适应融合导航与可靠定位。实验仿真表明：基于可观测度分析方法，能够在线优化因子图计算过程，提升了多源融合导航系统的环境适应性和跨场景能力，保证了复杂动态场景下自主无人系统跨场景导航模式切换和连续可靠的导航定位。     

基础隔震体系地震反应特征与方案优选

隔震建筑采用水平剪切型模型,隔震体系为橡胶垫、滑移和并联基础隔震系统,隔震层模型采用双线性滞回模型。研究了在不同隔震层屈服剪力和隔震周期时,不同隔震系统对结构地震反应的影响。研究表明,对于规则型隔震结构,经合理设计的并联隔震结构兼具橡胶垫和滑移隔震体系的优点,为优选方案。以一实际工程为例,分析了竖向不规则隔震结构的地震反应特点。研究表明,对竖向不规则结构,橡胶垫隔震体系为优选方案。     

火星着陆自主导航方案研究进展

火星着陆导航技术是火星着陆过程的核心技术之一。围绕火星着陆环境特点与导航技术遇到的挑战,分析了目前火星着陆过程的导航能力和自主导航的发展趋势,并针对火星着陆过程的特殊性和导航需求,概述了火星着陆过程各阶段自主导航方案的研究现状与进展。进而从导航方案设计与配置、导航模型建立与仿真、导航方案性能分析等方面,对自主导航方案的最新研究进展进行了分析,并在火星着陆全过程自主导航方案综合仿真的基础上,获得了满足火星定点着陆要求的各阶段交接点应满足的导航精度。最后,基于目前技术现状和发展趋势,提出了构建"递进式三阶段"火星着陆自主导航方案的设想,可为未来火星着陆自主导航方案的设计与论证提供参考。     

潜入式喷管喉衬界面间隙优化设计

为了解决固体火箭发动机潜入式喷管喉衬在热载荷与内压联合作用下界面间隙优化问题,数值模拟方法求解了喷管热结构响应。采用流体仿真软件,计算了潜入式喷管流动过程的稳态流场,获取了高温燃气流动参数与固体壁面对流换热系数。并采用三维有限元结构计算平台,编写了非均布壁面压力载荷与非均布对流换热系数子程序,求解了喉衬前后搭接界面间隙在0mm,0.05mm,0.10mm,0.15mm,0.20mm下喷管热结构耦合问题,获取了材料内部温度场与应力场分布。结果表明,喉衬环向压应力与拉应力都随时间增加,先增大后减小。其次,随间隙增大,喉衬拉应力先减小后增大,喉衬压应力先增大后减小。再次,依据界面闭合与喉衬环向受力最小的准则,确定了喉衬前后间隙的相对最优值,前间隙相对最优值0.10mm,后间隙相对最优值0.05mm。本文数值方法可为喷管热防护材料界面搭接与喉衬界面间隙设计提供指导,也可应用于评估喷管热防护与结构强度安全余量。     

含金属相变材料温控组件的研究

研究使用一种含有金属相变材料（Phase Change material,PCM）的温控组件（Thermal Control Component,TCC）对航天器上的有效载荷进行温度控制。通过对载荷的温控需求分析,设计并制备了以Ga-Sn合金为PCM的TCC,并通过地面模拟实验对TCC的温控性能进行测试。实验结果表明这种含有Ga-Sn合金的TCC满足载荷的温控需求。最后在仿真软件中建立了TCC的相变传热仿真模型用于预测TCC的温控性能。结果表明：仿真模型计算所得结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于预测TCC的温控性能。     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

行星着陆探测中的动力学与控制研究进展

着陆探测是获取行星特性和科学数据最直接、最有效的途径,也是目前技术难度最大、最为复杂的探测方式。在行星着陆探测过程中,动力学与控制是影响任务成败的关键因素之一。文章首先分析了行星着陆探测动力学与控制研究所面临的挑战与难题;然后,针对火星和小行星的着陆探测,重点分析了火星着陆进入段和下降段所涉及的动力学与控制,小行星附着探测动力学建模与制导控制的研究现状与关键问题;最后,提出了我国在行星着陆探测动力学与控制领域的未来重点发展方向。     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.