8802超低频标准相位产生器

８８０２超低频标准相位产生器采用数字技术，用Ｄ／Ａ变换方法产生正弦信号，由单片机控制频率和相位，频率由晶振综合产生，相位可数字预置，频率准确度高至±５×１０￣（－６），相位准确度高至±０．０００２°。介绍了主要技术指标、工作原理、技术特点和误差分析等。     

国家电压量值保存和量传方法的研究

叙述了国家临时电压自然基准量值保存和量传方法研究。该基准复现电压单位的不确定度为０．０２４×１０￣（－６），传递到传递标准的不确定度小于０．１×１０￣（－６）．     

用标准电池校准固态电压标准

介绍了用１．０１８Ｖ的标准电池,通过分压器校准１０Ｖ固态电压标准的方法,分析并解决了所遇到的问题,对校准不确定度进行了分析。在校准实验室能力测试中,对核查标准—参加过国际比对且经约瑟夫森电压标准校准的７３２Ｂ固态电压标准进行了校准,其校准结果与约瑟夫森电压标准的校准结果相差２×１０－７,验证了该方法的可靠性和实用性。     

Ka波段开腔电介质自动测量系统

介绍了以自行研制的开放式谐振腔为中心的Ｋ＿ａ波段电介质自动测量系统。该系统在计算机控制下，改变频率；采集并读取谐振长度和功率数据；计算Ｑ值，即时算出被测材料的介电常数ε＿ｒ和损耗角正切ｔｇδ。除腔谐振尚需人工调节外，全部实现自动测量。通过测量聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、高压聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、微晶玻璃、陶瓷基片、复合微波介质基片等材料的电介质参数证实，ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ在３２～３９ＧＨｚ频率范围内，量程分别达１．２０～２５．０和２．０×１０￣（－５）～２．０×１０￣（－３）。ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ的测量不确定度分别达±０．５％和±（８％＋３×１０￣（－６））。     

100KV直流标准高压源介绍

输出电压在１０ｋＶ以上的电压源，大多数都是直接用于耐压试验、Ｘ光机电源或其它高压试验装置。其准确度，稳定度指标都很低，一般不能用它对仪器仪表进行检定。本文所介绍的标准高压源，由于应用了许多先进的设计思想、设计线路以及诸如通过光纤直接传递模拟信号控制高压输出等关键技术，使其最终达到了输出电压１０～１０５ｋＶ，２４ｈ稳定度２×１０￣（－５），准确度优于１×１０￣（－４）。同时采用７位数字调节输出，非常符合一般检定人员的操作习惯，可直接用于１０～１００ｋＶ的标准仪表、分压器的检定。     

Josephson阵列电压标准及对标准电池的自动化检定

叙述了引进的１Ｖ／１０Ｖ超导Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ阵列电压标准的工作原理，系统组成及性能特征。在进行了大量测量、比对实验的基础上，对系统的不确定度进行了计算分析并与实时分析进行了比较，且得到验证。为了进一步减小复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度，提高１Ｖ量传的自动化程度，我们研制了高稳定性电压传递标准和低热电势程控开关，编制了相应的运行软件，对本系统作了必要改进。改进后，不仅实现了阵列标准对标准电池电动势的自动化测量，而且使复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度小于１ｘ１０￣（－８），平均值的标准偏差小于６ｘ１０￣（－９）。     

新型星用导电型Kapton基热控材料

介绍了一种新型导电型Ｋａｐｔｏｎ基热控材料,其导电层采用了ＴＯ（氧化锡）膜。这种ＴＯ膜具有很高的光学透明度,方阻在１０＾４Ω￣１０＾６Ω范围内,可有效地抑制卫星表面的充放电现象。经过８２００ｈ太阳当量紫外辐照后,ＴＯ／Ｋａｐｔｏｎ／Ａｌ热控材料的αｓ相对变化率Δα３／α５仅为６．７％。在ＴＯ／Ｋａｐｔｏｎ与Ｋａｐｔｏｎ试样的８０００ｈ的紫外辐照对照实验中,表明ＴＯ膜具有明显的紫外辐射防护功能。在－     

精密离心机半径值动态测试系统

精密离心机半径值动态测试系统采用量块法测量其静态半径值，与动态下利用线位移传感器组件测量其微位移量之和的方法相比较，其工作半径值测量的相对误差达３．３×１０￣（－６）。对静态半径测量所采用的量块法及动态下采用线位移传感器组件测量补偿量的原理、方法、数据处理及误差分析进行了详细论述。此法可推广应用到其他类似的大量程动态测试系统中。     

气体微流量标准装置

介绍了气体微流量标准装置的工作原理，并对其测量不确定度进行了分析与验证。测试结果表明：流量的校准范围为１７．１～１．２２×１０￣（－５）ＰａＬ／ｓ，不确定度为２％。     

空间扫描

英国微型卫星ＰｏＳＡＴ－１发回高质量地球遥感图像　由地球成像系统公司收到的该卫星的１００多幅图片，显示出了气象云图和道路桥梁等细节。ＰｏＳＡＴ－１卫星是在１９９３年９月２９日搭载在阿里安火箭上发射的，卫星仅重５０公斤，制造和发射费用不到１２０万英磅。英国ＳＳＥ技术公司引进Ｋｕ波段卫星收发两用机　这种ＡＳＡＴ－１２１４／ＡＢ型收发两用机能快速选择ＫＵ波段卫星，在全Ｋｕ波段１０．９５～１２．７５ＧＨｚ频段内搜索。该收发机由３个部件组成：一个上下行转换器，一个电源，一个宽波段ＬＮＡ。美国德尔它－　（Ｄ…     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

绳驱动并联机器人张力约束工作空间分析

绳驱动三自由度机器人可以实现空间的自由转动.由于绳索只可拉伸不可压缩的单向特性,研究驱动绳索张力对机器人的控制具有重要意义.运用几何和矩阵的方法可以分析绳索的张力分配情况;在存在张力约束的条件下,提出张力系数作为评价张力分配优劣状况的指标,通过计算可以得到张力系数分布图,从而对机器人工作空间有直观的认识,进而提出有效的张力优化算法;通过对最小预紧力影响因素及选取方法的讨论,可以得到动态最小预紧力实时计算公式,保证绳索时刻处于张紧状态;通过样机的力检测系统张力反馈的实验可以验证理论推导.通过对以上几部分的分析和研究,可以对四绳驱动三自由度机器人的张力问题有综合全面的认识.      

火卫二地形地貌探测综述

火卫二（Deimos）是火星自然卫星之一，研究人员利用火星探测器对其地形地貌开展了大量研究。首先对火卫二的基本参数及起源假说进行了介绍，进而全面梳理了与火卫二相关的航天探测活动，重点对地形地貌探测活动进行了详细介绍，并对围绕火卫二地形地貌的研究成果进行了归纳分析，结果表明火卫二表面分布有撞击坑、风化层、明亮的反射物质及块状物，并存在物质移动。最后针对火卫二探测不全面的情况，给出了中国关于火卫二探测的建议。     

测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试量的影响

针对传统软件可靠性验证测试方法均不考虑软件测试性可能会对验证测试用例数量产生影响的现状,提出一种引入测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试最小量进行改进的方法.分析了软件测试性的定义及其对软件可靠性测试集合的影响,提出软件测试有效性的概念.比较了考虑测试有效性前后软件可靠性验证测试集合在数量上的差异,证明经典统计方法和无先验知识的Bayesian统计推断方法确定的均为假定测试有效性为零情况下的保守估计.提出结合测试有效性的验证测试量的量化表示模型和验证测试方案的改进方法,基于统计故障注入的原理,提出测试有效性的定量评估方法,最后通过示例给出定量评估过程和方法.      

H2 and H∞ control options for the combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS)

The combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS) combines the conventional attitude control and thermal control subsystems. Its principle is based on circulating a heat conducting fluid inside a closed duct wielding the excess onboard heat in order to produce the attitude control torques. Previously only the proportional-integral (PI) controller has been tested for CATCS. In this paper two other control options for CATCS were designed based on the H₂ and H_∞ control methods to improve the attitude control performance of a small satellite. The control gain matrix with the minimum cost function is obtained by solving the Riccati equation and fed back to the system in order to achieve the system’s performance. The designed controllers can efficiently control the roll, pitch and yaw satellite attitudes. Simulations for the two techniques were carried out using Matlab and Simulink for ideal and non-ideal system models. Results show that the H₂ controller has a better attitude control performance over the H_∞ controller and PI controller itself.     

From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。