对地观测DSS任务分配问题的CSP模型与算法

任务分配是对地观测分布式卫星系统(Distributed Satellites System, DSS)自主协作运行过程中的一个重要环节. 针对任务分配中的约束满足问题(Constraint Satisfaction Problem, CSP), 以DSS完成任务总耗能最少为原则, 构建了任务分配问题的CSP模型, 并引入MAS理论中的合同网协议, 给出模型的求解算法, 通过仿真算例对模型和算法进行了验证.      

基于ActiveX的多Agent自主运行仿真系统

针对面向分布式航天器系统应用的多Agent自主运行系统仿真的需求,设计了分布式的自主运行仿真系统AgSimu.提出了以ActiveX组件来实现各种类型Agent的方法,以ActiveX容器应用程序实现Agent容器,完成对Agent的建模、配置、管理和通信,可以方便地构建不同结构的分布式多Agent组织,仿真它们的交互与协同工作.通过在Matlab/Simulink的S函数中使用ActiveX控件,实现了多Agent仿真系统与Simulink中的对象模型进行交互,从而可以实现多Agent自主运行系统的闭环控制仿真.     

基于Agent的工程车辆综合控制与管理的研究

针对承担复杂作业任务的大型工程车辆与施工机械控制与管理的需求,提出了基于Agent的分布式网络控制系统.研究了基于智能控制Agent的工程车辆综合控制和管理的体系结构、组成部分、功能特性.采用网络控制系统的分层结构和多智能体的递阶结构完成整个系统的协作和信息交换,从而实现运动控制、任务规划与协调、状态监测、系统维护、故障诊断与容错等功能.指出若干Agent协调工作是这类系统的特征.所提出的体系结构已在大型施工机械和工程车辆上得到应用.      

资源约束条件下舰艇编队多智能体协作规划

从分析舰艇编队对海作战的流程出发,在决策过程中引入多智能体系统(MAS,Multi-Agent System)理论,建立了编队协同反舰作战Agent模型.针对舰艇编队Agent协作规划过程中受资源约束产生资源占用冲突的问题,建立一种主从式结构多Agent协作规划模型,并提出一种集中与分布规划相结合的MAS协作规划方法.仿真实例表明:该方法可有效实现作战编队各Agent之间的协作与协调,保证舰艇编队在满足资源约束条件下实现预期战术目标.      

小卫星及其星座的智能自主控制系统

随着小卫星及其星座技术的发展 ,卫星系统的测控和运行管理模式将由地面遥测遥控方式向智能化自主方式发展。文中系统深入地分析了小卫星及其星座技术的特点和主流发展趋势 ,讨论了对小卫星及其星座实施智能自主控制的必要性、优越性等方面的问题 ,给出了一种将多Agent系统技术与混杂控制系统理论方法相结合 ,以综合集成方式实现的具有高度自主性和灵活性的智能自主控制系统的设计方案 ;论述了可行的优化策略与技术实现途径。最后 ,按照文中提出的智能自主控制系统的组织结构模式和相应的控制策略 ,针对小卫星编队构形自主保持的智能控制问题 ,给出了计算仿真结果     

引入多Agent协商的协同优化在卫星设计中的应用

卫星设计是复杂的多学科优化问题,协同优化算法具有模块化特点适合于处理多学科优化问题。在对卫星进行多学科优化时发现,现有的协同优化算法为了保证共享变量在系统级和分系统级间的一致性,收敛困难,计算量大,不对分系统自身进行优化不能保证卫星整体性能最优。本文通过引入Agent概念和基于Agent的协商算法,提出了一种基于劝说式多Agent协商的协同优化设计算法。针对对地观测卫星,以总质量最小为目标,建立了包含结构、轨道控制、姿态控制和电源4个分系统Agent和1个系统级Agent的卫星优化设计模型并进行了协同优化设计。研究结果表明:引入Agent协商算法的协同优化算法,可以保证共享变量的一致性;在协同优化算法中增加分系统自身优化模块,可以保证在系统级优化过程中各分系统一直都是最优的。      

卫星运行中的自主控制技术

阐述了卫星自主控制的必要性，分析了卫星自主控制的要求和特点。在此基础上，设计了分布式多Agent自主控制系统，介绍了主控单元Agent中智能规划与调度功能的实现方式；在自主控制系统中其他Agent采用分层控制，介绍了各部分的功能和实现方式。     

一种基于相对钟差估计的星座自主时间同步方法

针对区域星座自主导航的任务需求,提出了一种基于相对钟差估计的星座自主时间同步方法.介绍了该方法的实现原理,建立了系统状态模型和系统测量方程,并设计了适用于星座时间同步的Kalman滤波算法.仿真结果表明,该方法能够实现星座卫星的时间同步.     

空军研究卫星自主空间系统

空军研究卫星自主空间系统空军的一颗试验卫星已经开始试验一种创新的导航系统，它可以使美国卫星从笨重的地面系统拖累中解脱出来，并且显著地减少卫星运行的费用。试验的有效载荷称为ＴＡＯＳ（即自主生存技术），它于今年３月１３日由空军用“金牛座”火箭发射（见本刊...     

基于多Agent的卫星故障诊断融合技术研究

为提高基于多Agent的卫星故障诊断系统的诊断准确性，充分利用已有的各种诊断方法获取的诊断信息，在分析故障诊断原理的基础上，提出了将数据融合技术应用于多诊断Agent的思想；并根据卫星故障诊断的特点，将权重引入多诊断Agent的诊断结果融合技术中，给出了权重的具体确定方法和改进的D—S证据理论，最后举例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于模型化配置的星务自主控制软件设计与应用

卫星互联网正成为一种空间基础设施展开建设，大规模卫星发射的需求与地面运控管理任务指数型增长之间的矛盾日益突出，特别是对于低轨长期处于测控不可见弧段运行，其自主生存需求更为急迫，而星务自主控制功能是实现自主运行和生存的重要组成.本文通过参数装订、逻辑子层和数据交互模块的架构设计，提出一种基于模型化配置的自主管理软件系统框架，并针对核心逻辑子层，建立遥控主动模型、遥测主动模型以及数据融合交互控制模型，实现星务自主管理软件的快速研制，解决自主运行功能常会随设计深入和试验验证不断功能扩展的问题，提高星务自主控制软件的灵活性.通过卫星故障检测和恢复(FDIR)自主管理功能的设计进行了验证.结果表明该软件系统设计框架能够满足星务自主控制功能设计，具备可扩展能力，为进一步提升卫星的智能化水平奠定基础.     

联合北斗导航与星间链路的大椭圆卫星定轨方法

传统的地面测控和GNSS均无法实现HEO卫星全弧段的跟踪观测.在分析北斗导航信号及其星间链路信号对典型HEO的观测几何及覆盖特性的基础上,利用北斗导航及其星间链路对HEO测控支持形成互补的特点,提出了一种卫星导航与星间链路相结合的自主导航方法.对HEO定轨进行分段划分并基于EKF设计了卫星导航与星间链路数据融合定轨的自主导航算法.分析结果表明,本文提出的方法能够从全弧段上改善HEO的观测几何,定轨精度比仅使用卫星导航提高了2个数量级,并且仅需较少的星间链路资源.      

Analysis of BDS-3 distributed autonomous navigation based on BeiDou system simulation platform

Satellite autonomous navigation is an important function of the BeiDou-3 navigation System (BDS-3). Satellite autonomous navigation means that the navigation satellite uses long-term forecast ephemeris and Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements to determinate its own spatial position and time reference without the support of the ground Operation and Control System (OCS) for a long time to ensure that the navigation system can normally maintain the time and space reference. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of distributed autonomous navigation algorithms. For the first time, a ground parallel autonomous navigation test system (GPANTS) is built. The performance of distributed autonomous navigation is then analyzed using the two-way ISL ranging of BDS-3 satellites. First, the BDS simulation platform and the GPANTS are introduced. Then, the basic principles of distributed satellite autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization based on ISL measurements are summarized. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of the BDS-3 constellation autonomous navigation service under ideal conditions through simulation data. Then the performance of autonomous navigation for 22 BeiDou-3 satellites using ISL measurements is evaluated. The results show that when satellites operate autonomously for 50 days without the support of any ground station, the User Range Error (URE) of autonomous orbit determination is better than 3 m, and the time synchronization accuracy is better than 4 ns.     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

Design of BDS-3 integrity monitoring and preliminary analysis of its performance

With the improvement in the service accuracy and expansion of the application scope of satellite navigation systems, users now have high demands for system integrity that are directly related to navigation safety. As a crucial index to measure the reliability of satellite navigation systems, integrity is the ability of the system to send an alarm when an abnormity occurs. The new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) prioritized the upgrading of system integrity as an important objective in system construction. Because the system provides both basic navigation and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) services by the operational control system, BDS-3 adopts an integrated integrity monitoring and processing strategy that applies satellite autonomous integrity monitoring and ground-based integrity monitoring for both the basic navigation service and SBAS navigation service. BDS-3 also uses an improved and refined integrity parameter system to provide slow, fast and real-time integrity parameters for basic navigation, and provide SBAS-provided integrity information messages in accordance with Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) specification and dual frequency, multi-constellation (DFMC) specification to support the SBAS signal frequency, single constellation operation and DFMC operation respectively. The performance of BDS-3 system integrity monitoring is preliminarily verified during on-orbit testing in different states, including normal operation, satellite clock failure and satellite ephemeris failure. The results show that satellite autonomous integrity monitoring, ground-based integrity monitoring and satellite-based augmentation all correctly work within the system. Satellite autonomous integrity monitoring can detect satellite clock failure but not satellite orbit failure. However, ground-based integrity monitoring can detect both. Moreover, the satellite-based augmentation integrity system monitors the differential range error after satellite ephemeris and clock error corrections based on user requirements. Compared to the near minute-level time-to-alert capability of ground-based integrity monitoring, satellite autonomous integrity monitoring reduces the system alert time to less than 4 s. With a combined satellite-ground monitoring strategy and the implementation of different monitoring technologies, the BDS-3 integrity of service has been considerably improved.     

在轨地球同步卫星自主工程测控研究

地球同步卫星在轨工程测控任务通常由地面测控系统完成. 随着技术水平的发展, 如果在轨地球同步卫星能够实现自主工程测控, 将大大减轻地面测控系统负担, 提高卫星独自生存能力, 降低系统运行成本, 并将成为卫星测控技术新的发展方向. 本文提出卫星自主在轨测控方案, 研究了当前地球同步卫星在轨工程测控的主要项目及实现算法. 对其进行的可行性分析表明, 尽管受到轨道测量能力的制约, 在轨地球同步卫星仍可实现完全或地面有限参与情况下的自主工程测控. 在此基础上, 设计了一种地球同步在轨卫星完全自主工程测控的原理方案, 通过分析其技术难点及存在的风险, 提出应对措施. 研究结果表明, 基于目前卫星制造水平和成熟的在轨测控技术, 实现在轨地球同步卫星自主工程测控技术可行, 其是解决卫星数量急剧增加与地面测控能力有限这一突出矛盾的有效途径.      

卫星锐波束天线指向算法及仿真

推导了卫星锐波束天线指向算法,给出了简化计算模型和仿真结果。文章所给出的天线指向算法是在已知卫星轨道和姿态的基础上,计算锐波束天线指向点二维转动角度的公式,实现卫星动态过程对指向点的保持;通过仿真给出指向点精度和姿态精度的关系,给出自主生成控制函数的简化模型,同时也验证了该算法的正确性,算法可作为星上自主计算的依据。     

GPS授时校频方法研究与试验结果

为了解决多目标综合测量系统各测站之间时间同步和频率校准问题,提出了利用GPS(Global Positioning System)单星或多星共视方法进行站间时间同步与校频,给出了这两种方法的计算公式,分析了星历误差、星钟误差、电离层折射误差、对流层折射误差、多径效应和接收机硬件延迟对时间同步精度的影响.为了验证GPS授时校频精度,进行了相关试验.通过与铯原子钟比对,表明利用GPS可实现纳秒级时间同步,校频精度也优于5.0×10-11,多星共视具有更高的同步校频精度.