基于控制分配的一类变体飞行器容错控制

针对一类含有执行器故障的新型操纵面变体飞行器的容错控制问题,将控制分配方法和整数规划理论相结合,提出了一种基于控制分配的容错控制方法.首先设计虚拟控制律,使飞行器的状态变量跟踪参考模型.然后通过执行阵列重构将执行器的概率性故障及饱和约束转化为整数规划中的决策变量的约束,进而将控制分配问题转换成一类决策变量概率可变的整数规划问题.为保证解算的有效性及收敛性,运用改进的遗传算法进行求解.仿真结果表明,飞行器在执行器发生故障的情形下,仍具有良好的跟踪性能.      

飞翼布局飞行器副翼性能及重构分析

针对飞翼布局飞行器副翼在偏转过程中引起的纵横航向运动耦合的问题,应用升降舵、副翼和阻力舵协调偏转的方法进行控制.为提高飞翼飞行器的生存性,对舵面故障时的重构方法进行了研究.升降舵故障时,直接应用伪逆法即可应用副翼完成重构;阻力舵故障时,为解决伪逆法带来的系统不稳定及重构后系统稳态精度差的问题,将一种基于劳斯稳定判据的、加入了比例-积分控制器的改进伪逆法引入重构.仿真结果表明:该方法在保证系统稳定的基础上能够使系统性能得到最大程度的恢复.     

多操纵面飞机综合重构飞行控制方法

为提高飞机飞行安全性能,将被动重构控制与主动重构控制相结合,提出了一种综合重构飞行控制系统设计方法.采用轨迹线性化控制方法进行飞行控制律设计,使系统具有较强的鲁棒性.针对多操纵面飞机,提出面向故障的操纵面管理概念,通过基排序最优控制分配方法以基底的形式对操纵面进行重新组合,并按照期望控制目标进行排序,实现在操纵面故障下的控制重构.仿真结果表明,该控制系统能有效处理各种典型操纵面故障,在操纵面发生故障时仍能快速跟踪控制指令,保证较好的飞行性能.     

控制力矩陀螺在天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制上的应用

根据天宫一号目标飞行器的特点及交会对接任务需求,天宫一号目标飞行器选择单框架控制力矩陀螺作为姿态控制执行机构,这是控制力矩陀螺首次在国内航天器上应用．阐述了单框架控制力矩陀螺在天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制上的应用,主要包括四个方面：构形选择、操纵律设计、角动量卸载、故障诊断与重构．天宫一号目标飞行器控制力矩陀螺系统采用五棱锥构形,其操纵律设计为带零运动的伪逆操纵律,控制力矩陀螺系统具备故障诊断和重构功能．     

基于WPI的多操纵面飞机积分滑模容错控制

针对含位置和速率限制、故障重构存在误差和时滞下的过驱动飞行器损伤故障的容错控制问题,提出了一种基于动态自适应加权伪逆法(WPI,Weighted Pseudo Inverse)的积分滑模主动容错方法.采用指令限制模块对饱和控制信号及瞬时干扰进行限制,设计了动态自适应控制分配律逐步减小指令饱和,同时通过故障估计值修正控制分配律来直接补偿气动力损失,降低了故障对系统稳定的影响;设计积分滑模律实现了含重构不匹配和时滞的稳定控制.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能快速准确地跟踪参考指令,对时滞具有较强的鲁棒性,同时对损伤故障具有较强容错能力.     

非冗余舵面与RCS复合故障的自愈控制方法

临近空间飞行器在稀-稠大气过渡阶段且反推力矢量装置(Reaction Control System, RCS)有剩余燃料的情况下,RCS对于非冗余舵面的故障补偿与在线重构具有重要意义。基于此,本文研究了针对非冗余舵面与RCS复合故障的自愈控制方法,以实现飞行器的安全可靠控制。首先,建立了执行机构故障等不确定影响下的姿态控制模型;其次,针对舵面故障给出了基于残差观测的故障检测与自诊断方法,设计了RCS与舵面复合故障的分离诊断策略;然后,基于非线性比例-微分控制及故障诊断信息,设计了舵面故障补偿的自愈控制器;同时,基于RCS故障喷管序列判定,设计了复合故障下RCS在线重构的自愈控制器。最后,通过某典型全弹道姿态跟踪数值仿真,验证了该方法的有效性及可靠性。     

非线性飞机对象操纵面故障的控制律重构

研究以六自由度非线性方程描述的飞机在操纵面损伤或卡死故障情况下使用伪逆法进行控制 律重构的方法.通过对气动系数中的操纵导数进行合理的近似处理,将控制律重构问题转化 为解一个线性方程组的问题.给出了全数字实时仿真结果,验证了该重构算法的可行性.     

一种闭环冗余系统可重构控制方法

提出一种闭环冗余系统在线可重构控制方法,包括控制器、控制分配和故障诊断.在故障诊断算法中,首先采用有向图方法快速确定可能的故障源.对于难以隔离的故障,提出了一种在线故障定位方法.故障定位后,通过控制分配,重新分配控制律.以航天器冗余动量轮系统的故障重构为例,说明了如何在系统级角度在线定位故障,重构系统.最后,给出了冗余动量轮卫星姿态调节过程中故障重构的仿真算例.     

自修复飞控系统的可靠性估计

给出了故障检测与诊断算法（ＦＤＩ）的故障检测覆盖率、漏报率及操纵面故障下控制律重构的成功率的定义;提出了建立在ＦＤＩ和重构基础上的自修复飞控系统的故障监控覆盖率的估计方法。以某型机的四余度电传飞控系统为例,比较了传统飞控系统和自修复飞控系统在两种故障下的可靠性。结果表明,在执行机构进行了部分简化,考虑了故障覆盖率之后,自修复飞控系统比传统飞控系统具有更高的可靠性。若故障覆盖率可达到９７．５％,利用     

推力矢量对飞机操纵面失效的补偿与重构

讨论了推力矢量控制对飞机俯仰、偏航通道气动力的补偿效果和飞行中操纵面失效故障下利用推力矢量进行控制律重构的概念.给出了系统的控制余度定义和伪逆重构条件.针对飞机方向舵失效故障,利用推力矢量进行了重构设计和仿真研究,结果是令人满意的.     

Two degree-of-freedom spacecraft attitude controller

Two degree-of-freedom controller is designed together with its governing equations for a spacecraft pitch attitude control. The attitude controller incorporates the Active Force Control (AFC) technique into the conventional Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller based spacecraft pitch attitude loop. The PD-AFC attitude controller is then employed to enhance the attitude pointing of the Combined Energy and Attitude Control System (CEACS). Numerical treatments are performed to validate the effectiveness of AFC, whereby the CEACS attitude performance is analysed from its accuracy point of view. The results show that the PD-AFC attitude control performance is superiorly better than that of the solely conventional PD type.     

Novel finite-time attitude control of postcapture spacecraft with input faults and quantization

This paper investigates a novel finite-time attitude control method for the postcapture spacecraft with an unknown captured space target in the presence of input faults and quantization. First, a quasi fixed-time convergent performance function is developed to quantitatively characterize the attitude tracking performance. Then, a backstepping prescribed performance attitude controller is devised via using integral barrier Lyapunov function. Compared with the existing works, the fractional state feedback and discontinuous controller is directly avoided to achieve the fixed-time convergence rate. Namely, the proposed fixed-time controller is easily achieved online. Finally, two groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control method.     

H2 and H∞ control options for the combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS)

The combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS) combines the conventional attitude control and thermal control subsystems. Its principle is based on circulating a heat conducting fluid inside a closed duct wielding the excess onboard heat in order to produce the attitude control torques. Previously only the proportional-integral (PI) controller has been tested for CATCS. In this paper two other control options for CATCS were designed based on the H₂ and H_∞ control methods to improve the attitude control performance of a small satellite. The control gain matrix with the minimum cost function is obtained by solving the Riccati equation and fed back to the system in order to achieve the system’s performance. The designed controllers can efficiently control the roll, pitch and yaw satellite attitudes. Simulations for the two techniques were carried out using Matlab and Simulink for ideal and non-ideal system models. Results show that the H₂ controller has a better attitude control performance over the H_∞ controller and PI controller itself.     

High performance two degrees of freedom attitude control for solar sails

The purpose of this paper is to present a high performance solar sail attitude controller which uses ballast masses moving inside the sail’s booms as actuators and to demonstrate its ability of performing time efficient reorientation maneuvers. The proposed controller consists of a combination of a feedforward and a feedback controller, which takes advantage of the feedforward’s fast response and the feedback’s ability of responding to unpredicted disturbances. The feedforward controller considers the attitude dynamics of the sailcraft as well as the disturbance torque due to the center of pressure offset to the center of mass of the sailcraft. Additional disturbance torques, like those coming from the environment or from asymmetry of the spacecraft structure, are then handled by the feedback controller. Simulation performance results are finally compared against results available in the literature.     

Robust H∞ controller design for attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft with input constraints

This paper addresses the attitude stabilization and vibration suppression problem for flexible spacecraft subject to model parameter uncertainty, controller perturbations, external disturbances and input constraints. The attitude model of flexible spacecraft is described and converted into a state space form in terms of passive and active vibration suppression schemes. A novel state feedback controller is proposed based on the exactly available expectation of a new variable, which is introduced to model a randomly occurring controller gain perturbation. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the nonfragile H_∞ controller considering input constraints are given based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the developed controller subject to required constraints can be obtained, where the nonfragile property is fully considered to improve the tolerance to uncertainties in the controller. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in attitude stabilization and vibration suppression, where it should be noted that the passive vibration suppression scheme is superior for high natural frequencies while the active vibration suppression scheme is superior for low natural frequencies. Moreover, the low natural frequencies have more influence on the performance of attitude stabilization and vibration suppression.     

Approaching control for tethered space robot based on disturbance observer using super twisting law

Approaching control is a key mission for the tethered space robot to perform the task of removing space debris. But the uncertainties of the TSR such as the change of model parameter have an important effect on the approaching mission. Considering the space tether and the attitude of the gripper, the dynamic model of the TSR is derived using Lagrange method. Then a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertainty based on STW control method. Using the disturbance observer, a controller is designed, and the performance is compared with the dynamic inverse controller which turns out that the proposed controller performs better. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of the proposed controller on the position and attitude tracking of the TSR.     

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

基于干扰补偿的导弹增量式动态逆容错控制方法

针对导弹飞控系统存在外部干扰、执行机构故障等问题,本文运用一种鲁棒增量式动态逆被动容错控制方法,以避免主动故障诊断带来的计算效率问题,同时实现飞行姿态的可靠安全控制。针对外部干扰及执行机构故障等控制系统不确定性,建立导弹三通道姿态控制模型,基于干扰观测器对不确定性进行估计与补偿设计终端滑模控制律。为进一步增强导弹姿态控制系统的鲁棒性,给出导弹增量式动态逆容错控制律,结合终端滑模控制设计干扰补偿的增量式动态逆终端滑模控制律,并对系统残差进行分析比较。某典型全弹道姿态跟踪任务仿真表明,该方法在故障未知的情况下仍然保持姿态跟踪特性与容错能力,实现导弹姿态鲁棒精准快速控制。     

基于SADRC的四旋翼姿态解耦控制及稳定性分析

针对四旋翼姿态控制欠驱动、强耦合的特性，提出了一种基于线性/非线性切换自抗扰控制（SADRC）的四旋翼姿态解耦控制方法。首先，以四旋翼平台为研究对象，建立了其姿态的数学模型，引入SADRC，对基本原理进行了介绍。其次，基于SADRC设计了四旋翼姿态解耦控制器，并基于Lyapunov函数对系统进行了稳定性分析。最后，通过仿真实验对SADRC控制性能进行了验证。结果表明:SADRC在某些场合抗干扰和鲁棒性方面较线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）和非线性自抗扰控制（NLADRC）具有优势，具有工程应用的潜力。      

RLV再入神经网络自适应姿态控制器设计

可重复使用运载器（RLV）大包线再入过程中,广泛存在模型不确定与外界干扰,会给姿态控制器的设计带来不利影响,为此提出了一种神经网络自适应控制器设计方案。基于时标分离原理设计了快、慢双回路控制结构。在此基础上设计了径向基神经网络（RBFNN）自适应律,用于在线估计模型不确定和外界干扰力矩,并在控制器中进行补偿。仿真验证表明,RBFNN 自适应控制器能良好地完成姿态跟踪控制,有效地抑制干扰力矩对姿态控制的影响。自适应律能够在线估计真实的飞行器动态和外界干扰力矩,控制器具有抗扰动能力。