飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量的估算方法及实验验证

卫星姿控飞轮通常采用一对精密油润滑角接触球轴承进行旋转支撑.由于飞轮长寿命、高可靠、高精度要求和独特的空间环境,轴承采用微量油润滑.润滑油过多和不足都将导致飞轮轴承摩擦力矩增大和寿命降低,因此存在轴承润滑最佳油量.基于弹流润滑理论,提出了飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量的理论计算方法,并通过球-盘摩擦副进行实验验证.实验结果验证了飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量理论计算方法的有效性.     

基于自适应观测器的飞轮故障诊断物理仿真

研究了反作用飞轮的故障诊断问题.针对反作用飞轮的非线性数学模型,分析了其故障模式,建立了其故障的参数化描述方法,并在此基础上提出了一种基于参数自适应投影的反作用飞轮故障诊断方法.该方法通过构造观测器,利用参数自适应投影算法来更新参数信息,保证观测器的误差收敛到零.最后对飞轮的正常模式和3种故障模式进行了物理仿真实验,结果表明提出的方法有效可行.     

飞轮转速过零时卫星姿态的非线性控制

当飞轮转速过零时,摩擦力矩发生非线性变化,控制作 用力矩出现不确定性,从而影响卫星的姿态控制性能。文章基于一种具有鲁棒性的非线性控 制方法,发展了简单、可靠和稳定的非线性反馈控制律。仿真实例表明,该方法能够有效地 抑制反作用飞轮转速过零时引起的姿态扰动,从而实现高精度的卫星姿态控制。     

拉普拉斯-高斯滤波图象的过零边界及其分形维数

本文考察了用拉普拉斯—高斯滤波器对遥感图象过零边界的计算方法.给出了直接从遥感图象边界转换成过零边界的稳函数.分析可看到,从遥感图象边界化算出过零边界是局地性决定的方式,得到的过零边界相对于原遥感图象边界的偏差主要取决于图象尺度、边界的局地曲率半径和所用高斯函数的尺度常数.证明拉普拉斯—高斯滤波过零边界法在图象尺度和曲率半径都大于高斯尺度常数10倍以上时,是获得遥感图象边界的精确方法.      

基于疲劳寿命理论的膜盘联轴器型面设计

区别于传统的基于强度理论的膜盘联轴器型面设计方法,提出了一种基于膜盘联轴器动力学分析和疲劳寿命理论的型面设计方法.建立了分析膜盘联轴器应力及寿命的简化有限元模型,给出了作用在此模型上的边界条件和初始条件,建立了膜盘联轴器动静复合应力分析方法.根据动力学分析的结果,讨论了膜盘联轴器工作时,不同类型的载荷对其疲劳寿命的影响.计算对比了几种典型型面在不同复合载荷作用下的寿命;基于疲劳寿命理论对膜盘联轴器的型面设计给予评价,最后给出各典型型面的适用工况.     

飞轮控制的欠驱动刚体航天器姿态控制器设计

针对"三正交加斜装"反作用轮系统中某两个本体轴上的飞轮失效的欠驱动情况,研究了航天器的姿态控制问题.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,设计分段解耦控制律,实现了姿态稳定.采用欧拉角描述法建立了欠驱动航天器的姿态动力学方程和运动学方程.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,通过分析方程的解耦特性,设计了分段解耦控制律.该方法经过6次机动控制,可实现姿态稳定.数值仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

电摩擦效应的机理研究

边界润滑状态时铁磁流体的摩擦系数在直流电场作用下发生有规律的变化.本文根据直流电流产生的电场和磁场对边界润滑状态下铁磁流体摩擦力的不同作用,提出了电场控制摩擦系数的作用机理,进行了测量摩擦副间法向相对微小位移的实验.测量结果验证了机理分析的正确性.      

服从不同分布的疲劳寿命分散系数分析

民机结构的疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,其分散系数与战斗机基于对数正态分布的疲劳寿命分散系数存在明显的不同.为分析疲劳寿命服从这两种不同分布时分散系数的区别和联系,导出了疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布时的理论和试验用疲劳寿命分散系数计算公式;并从理论基础和数值计算结果两个方面,对服从对数正态分布和双参数威布尔分布的疲劳寿命分散系数进行了对比,所得的结论对确定民机结构疲劳寿命分散系数提供了重要的技术依据.     

复合材料结构声疲劳的一种数值模拟方法

复合材料结构声疲劳问题是许多工程技术人员关心的课题,经常采用数值方法对其进行分析.利用边界元法对其动力响应情况进行了数值模拟,并发展了一种可以进行复合材料结构声疲劳完整数值模拟的方法.所得结果可以为预测复合材料结构的声疲劳寿命提供参考.      

Consequences of the application of the streamer fluid model to the study of the sprite inception mechanism

We present the results of a streamer-fluid model used to investigate the electrodynamical coupling between the troposphere and upper atmosphere due to the penetration of lightning electric fields into the mesosphere and the lower ionosphere, generating sprites. The model solves the continuity equation for electrons and ions coupled to Poisson equation. The dominant physical response of the atmosphere is the formation of a screening-ionization wave. The wave shields the atmosphere above it from the action of the lightning field and, together with the conductivity reduction below it due to attachment, the wave amplifies the total field below it, allowing for the penetration of intense electric fields in the mesosphere as it propagates downwards into regions of higher density that compress the wave. This is the key physical mechanism for sprite inception. We evaluated the effects of the thundercloud charge geometry, lightning current waveshape, atmospheric conductivity, via different electron density profiles, and the effect of ionization, attachment and electron mobility coefficients in the electrical breakdown process, related to halo production, and sprite streamer initiation. The results showed that electrons with higher mobility are more efficient in shielding the lightning electric field before breakdown, causing delay, and they contribute to the formation of the streamer seed after breakdown, anticipating the sprite streamer inception. Similarly, a higher effective ionization rate, produced by modifications in the attachment and ionization coefficients, anticipates sprite inception. The simulations with 6 different electron density profiles, and therefore conductivities, spanning 4 orders of magnitude, showed that the altitude of breakdown and sprite initiation, as well as their time delays from the lightning discharge are directly related to atmospheric conductivity: higher conductivities produce halo and sprite inception at lower altitudes with longer delays and may hinder sprite formation. We document that variations of 30 times in the lightning current leads to sprite initiation altitudes in the range 66.0–73.5 km, with delays between 1.550 and 34.500 ms, while variations of 4 orders of magnitude in the conductivity profile lead to initiation altitudes 61.0–70.6 km, with delays in the range 3.825–9.825 ms. Consequently, we suggest that lightning characteristics dominate over atmospheric parameters in determining sprites’ initiation altitude and delay. The simulation of a −CG, with a constant current of 30 kA, did not produce a sprite seed, confirming an asymmetry in the response of the atmosphere to positive and negative lightning. This is due to the free electron drift direction that is away from the screening ionization wave, preventing the formation of the streamer seed for the great majority of −CGs. The same does not apply to halos, which depend on the occurrence of breakdown and can be produced by discharges of both polarities.     

电离层电场对磁层活动响应时延的模式研究

本文用极盖边界上电离层驱动电位φ₀随时间变化的不同模式计算了场向电流J_∥2及电离层对流电场E的演化过程。计算表明,当φ₀(t)先升后降有极大值时,J_∥2(t)和E(t)也表现出类似的趋势。但它们的极值滞后于φ_0max出现的时刻,即在一段时间内,φ₀虽已开始下降,J_∥2及高纬E却继续增大。一般说,E先于J_∥2达到极值,但相差甚小。φ₀变化形式不同时,滞后时间亦不同。当φ₀陡升缓降时,E、J_∥2的极值相对于φ_0max的时延可超过一小时。这与持续时间较长的磁暴期间所观测到的电离层场强响应时延量级是一致的。时延大小还受电离层电导率的制约。低纬电离层场强的响应与高纬不同,其升降趋势与φ₀同步。      

热流效应对场向电流确定的影响

给出了任意速度分布函数条件下复频率的介电函数和色散关系的求解方法. 讨论了16矩近似条件下, 场向热流对电子速度分布函数, 介电函数实部与虚部, 以及离子与电子谐振频率和阻尼率的影响, 并与平衡态时麦克斯韦分布等离子体的计算结果进行了比较. 忽略场向热流效应, 正向电子漂移速度条件下, 上行等离子线探测, 会过高估计场向电流; 负向电子漂移速度条件下, 上行等离子线探测会过低估计场向电流. 对上下行等离子线同时探测情况, 忽略热流效应同样会过高估计场向电流.      

Comprehensive investigation of the basic parameters of the upper atmosphere at the time of the flight of the geophysical rocket “vertical-6”

Ion temperature and total ion concentration measured on 25th October 1977 during the flight of the geophysical rocket “Vertical-6” are analyzed. The solar EUV fluxes determined in five wave-length bands with a photoelectron analyzer are also given. The observed anomalous variation of ion temperature between 700 and 900 km and the measured ion concentration can be explained, if the charge exchange reactions H⁺ ? O⁺ and diffusion are taken into account.     

落塔微重力水平激光干涉测量方法中的干扰因素分析

落塔是获得微重力环境的重要设施,落塔微重力水平的测量对微重力科学实验的研究至关重要. 激光干涉是测量落塔微重力水平的一种新方法,这种方法的基本原理是让一个参考落体在落舱中自由下落,落舱由于受到服外空气阻力的作用将与自由落体运动略有差异,1 11. 肫内的参考落体则更接近理想的自由落体运动,这就使得落舱与参考落体之间存在着加速度差,这种加速度差便反映了落服的微重力水平,其所导致的相对运动则可通过激光干涉的方法测量出来. 本文对落塔微重力水平的激光干涉测量方法中将会遇到的一些主要干扰因素进行了分析,计算结果表明,这些干扰网素所造成的总误差约为 1.2 x 10-7g,低于微重力水平的预测值 10-4~lO-6 g,因此该方法是一种比较可行的测量方法.      

推力架测试系统误差的研究

针对卫星推进系统小推力测量的特点,主要是分析推力架系统所带来的推力误差,对引起推力误差的因素进行了分析研究,并提出了误差相应的解决方法和试验数据处理方法     

Possible physical properties of the flow in the vicinity of the heliopause

An interface between the fully ionized hydrogen plasma of the solar wind (SW) and the partially ionized hydrogen gas flow of the local interstellar medium (LISM) is formed as a region where there is a strong interaction between these two flows. The interface is bounded by the solar wind termination shock (TS) and the LISM bow shock (BS) and is separated on two regions by the heliopause (HP) separating the solar wind and charged component of the LISM (plasma component below). The BS is formed due to the deceleration of the supersonic LISM flow relative to the solar system. Regions of the interface between the TS and HP and between the HP and BS were in literature named as the inner and outer heliosheaths, respectively. An investigation of the structure and physical properties of the heliosheath is at present especially interested due to the fact that Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have crossed the TS in December 2004 (Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.Y., et al. Crossing the termination shock into the the heliosheath. Magnetic fields. Science 309, 2027–2029, 2005; Fisk, L.A. Journey into the unknown beyond. Science 309, 2016–2017, 2005; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Voyager 1 in the foreshock, termination shock and heliosheath. Science 309, 2020–2024, 2005; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond. Science 309, 2017–2020, 2005) and in September 2007 (Jokipii, J.R. A shock for Voyager 2. Nature 454, 38–39, 2008; Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 78–80, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07023; Wang, L., Lin, R.P., Larson, D.E., Luhmann, J.G. Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature 454, 81–83, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07068.14; Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.H., et al. Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 75–77, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07029; Richardson, J.D., Kasper, J.C., Wang, C., et al. Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock. Nature 454, 63–66, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07024; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. An asymmetric solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 71–74, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07022; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 454, 67–70, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature 07030), respectively, and entered to the inner heliosheath.     

火星地形对火星大气运动的影响及火星尘暴发生的可能机制

本文在准地转模式的假定下,讨论了火星地形对火星大气的影响,并根据文章所提供的信息对火星尘暴发生的物理机制作了粗略的解释。      

Testing the improvement of performance of the IRI model in the estimation of TEC over the mid-latitude American regions

This paper mainly discusses the improvement of performance of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model in estimating the variation of the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) over the mid latitude American regions during the relatively low (2008–2010) and relatively high (2012) solar activity years. This has been conducted employing the VTEC values obtained from the dual frequency ground based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located at Mineral Area Community College, MACC (37.85°N, 269.52°W) and Mississippi County Airport, MAIR (36.85°N, 270.64°W), and the latest versions of the IRI online model (IRI 2007, IRI 2012 and IRI 2016). The study mainly focuses to compare the trend of variability of the monthly and seasonal modeled VTEC values (IRI 2007 VTEC, IRI 2012 VTEC and IRI 2016 VTEC) with the corresponding measured VTEC values (GPS VTEC). The overall results show that the IRI VTEC values (almost in all versions of the model) are generally smaller than the GPS VTEC except after about 15:00 UT (09:00 LT) in the December solstice when the Sun shifts to the high solar activity. On the contrary, overestimations of the VTEC values by the model are observed in traversing from the low solar activity (2008) to high solar activity (2012) phase, especially after about 15:00 UT (09::00 LT) with the IRI 2016 version showing the highest. In general, the IRI 2007 and IRI 2012 versions show similar monthly and seasonal underestimations or overestimations showing that the two versions have almost similar performance. The IRI 2016 version is generally better in capturing both the diurnal and arithmetic mean GPS VTEC values with some exceptional months and seasons as compared to those of the IRI 2007 and IRI 2012 versions.     

Features of the occurrence of the additional stratification on the bottom-side F region over the equatorial location of Trivandrum

The general features of occurrence of an additional layer on the bottom side of F region, referred to as F0.5 layer in the pre noon period, over the magnetic equatorial location of Trivandrum (8.5° N; 77° E; dip lat of 0.5° N) in India during the period from 2004 to 2007 are presented using ionosonde observations. The F0.5 layer has a June (northern summer) solsticial maximum probability of occurrence with secondary maxima during December (northern winter) solstice. The seasonal as well as the day-to-day variability in the occurrence of F0.5 layer as mentioned in this paper seems to be a result of the variations in the amplitude and phases of the tides and gravity waves, and inventory of the metallic ions of meteoric origin. This study brings out an important manifestation of morning time F layer base region dynamics.