紫外探测器光谱响应及噪声测量装置

介绍了紫外探测器相对光谱响应、绝对光谱响应、噪声测量装置,给出了测量结果,并进行了测量不确定度分忻。     

基于光外差的光电探测器绝对频响测试技术研究

本文介绍了一种基于光外差的光电探测器绝对频响测试方法,通过对绝对频响的数学理论推导,得出光电探测器频响参数的计算公式;设计并研制了一套光外差测试系统,实现波长在1550nm对响应带宽高达67GHz的光电探测器频响测试;通过与高精度光波元件分析仪比对测试,验证了系统的准确性和可靠性,系统最大偏差不大于0.8dB,测量重复...     

建立腔体热释电探测器相对光谱响应度标尺的研究

由于腔体热释电探测器在宽光谱范围内具有相对平坦的光谱响应度,因此经常被用作标定探测器相对光谱响应度的工作基准。但是在标定过程中通常认为腔体热释电探测器是无光谱选择性的,即R(λ)为常数。这样就会使测量结果不够准确,因此建立腔体热释电探测器相对光谱响应度的标尺是非常重要的。本文主要介绍了建立腔体热释电探测器相对光谱响应度标尺的原理和方法,并通过实验利用该方法建立了腔体热释电探测器相对光谱响应度的标尺,从而使该腔体热释电探测器成为红外光谱响应度测量装置的工作基准。     

真空紫外探测器关键参数校准装置

当前真空紫外空间探测技术迅猛发展,真空紫外载荷应用越来越广,其中的核心器件真空紫外探测器的特性校准变得越来越重要,针对国内真空紫外探测器关键参数校准能力缺失问题,研制了一套真空紫外探测器关键参数校准装置,实现光谱响应率、线性度等参数的校准。论述了真空紫外探测器光谱响应率、线性度参数的校准方法,介绍了校准装置的硬件组成、校准方法和软件功能,并对其进行了测量不确定度评定。测试结果证明表明,该校准装置可以对真空紫外探测器进行主要参数的校准,校准结果准确、有效。     

基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征

针对当前高速光电探测器频率响应测试的问题,提出了基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征方法。该方法通过设置双驱调制频率为近似相等关系克服了电-光响应器件不平坦响应的额外校准,实现了光电探测器频率响应的自校准表征。同时,通过采用双驱调制频率的和频与差频拍频边带的相对功率来获得光电探测器的频率响应,摆脱了双驱马赫-曾德尔调制器偏置漂移的影响并扩展了两倍以上的测试带宽。相比于全光激励法,提高了测量精度与动态范围;与传统电光激励法相比,克服了强度调制器偏置漂移的影响和额外校准的难题;优于先前的双音调制法,简化了测试系统和降低了测量成本。光电探测器频率响应的实验测量结果与强度噪声法测量结果以及与该光电探测器出厂数据的一致性验证了该方法的正确性。     

近红外绝对光谱响应度传递标准的研制CSCD

在光辐射计量中,陷阱探测技术是一种重要的探测技术,陷阱探测器是光辐射功率基准量值保持和传递的主要媒介。 InGaAs 陷阱探测器常被作为（900～1700）nm 波段光辐射计量的传递标准。本文基于陷阱探测技术,针对近红外波段量值传递的需求,研制了 InGaAs 陷阱探测器,并进行了性能测试。测试结果显示：在1064nm处绝对光谱响应率为0.7098A/ W,测量不确定度达到0.1%,在（0.1～3） mW 内,其非线性指标优于0.99993,1h 测试非稳定性为0.00495%,空间非均匀性达到0.05%,满足作为传递标准的技术要求。     

关于单波段光电高温计有效波长及波长位移的探讨

介绍了一种单波段光电高温计有效波长的计算方法。它不需精确确定光电高温计的光谱特性函数,也不需对光谱辐射功率进行积分计算,只要用温度定标中光电高温计光电探测器输出的光电信号即可计算有效波长。这个方法简单易行。     

多波段光谱辐亮度计量值溯源技术研究

光谱辐亮度计是实现空间遥感仪器在地面实验室内进行高精度光谱定标的关键设备之一，本文基于标准探测器的辐亮度传递原理，利用视场光阑、孔径光阑、窄带滤光片和光电二极管研制了10测量通道的遮光筒式多波段光谱辐亮度计，测量波长分布在（400~1 100）nm范围。具有校准通道，与积分球单色光源匹配使用，实现光谱辐亮度的量值溯源，测量不确定度优于2.2%。     

神舟3号飞船上太阳辐射测量

2002年3月至9月间，用3台太阳辐照度绝对辐射计(SIAR)组装的太阳常数监测器在神舟3号飞船轨道舱上测量了太阳辐照度．改进了SIAR辐射计的锥腔结构，把电加热丝埋在薄锥腔壁中间，提高了绝对精度．采用了用宽视场辐射计飞船在轨运动中太阳扫过其视场期间进行测量的方法，测量值与美国EOS上ACRIM Ⅲ测量数据的最大偏差在0．2％以内．     

高速光电探测器频率响应测试方法研究

主要分析了常见的几种光电探测器频率响应测试方法的优缺点,并提出了一种改进的光外差干涉方法,可以对带宽达50 GHz的高速光电探测器的频率响应进行准确测量。     

Scientific requirements for future spatially resolved white-light and broad-band high-cadence observations of the Sun

Several important issues are open in the field of solar variability and they wait their solution which up to now was attempted using critical ground-based instrumentations. However, accurate photometric data are attainable only from space. New observational material should be collected with high enough spatial and spectral resolution, covering the whole visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well infrared and ultraviolet to reconstruct the total solar irradiance: (1) the absolute contributions of different small-scale structural entities of the solar atmosphere from the white light flares and from micro-flares are still poorly known; (2) we do not know the absolute contributions of different structural elements of the solar atmosphere to the long-term and to the cyclic variations of the solar irradiance, including features of the polar regions of the Sun; (3) the variations of the chromospheric magnetic network are still poorly evaluated; (4) only scarce information is available about the spectral variations of different small-scale features in the high photosphere. Variability of the Sun in white light can be studied with higher spectral, spatial and time resolution using space-born telescopes, which are more appropriate for this purpose than ground based observatories because of better seeing conditions, no interference of the terrestrial atmosphere and a more precise calibration procedure. Scientific requirements for such observations and the possible experimental tools proposed for their solution. Suggested solar studies have broader astrophysical importance.     

Selection of sensors and spectral bands of marine observation satellite (MOS) — 1

After trading off the proposed requirements by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellite Development, cost and time for development of sensors, spacecraft and launch vehicle, the following sensors were selected for Marine Observation Satellite (MOS) - 1.(1) Four channel visible and near IR sensor (MESSR) with 50 meter resolution. (2) Four channel visible and thermal IR sensor (VTIR) with 0.9 km (visible) and 2.7 km (IR) resolution respectively. Out of three IR channels, two channels are atmospheric window channels while the third channel is water vapor absorption band. (3) Two channel microwave scanning radiometer (MSR) with responsivity in 23.8 and 31.4 GHz respectively. (4) Data collection system.     

Results of solar observations by the CORONAS-F payload

The CORONAS-F mission experiments and results have been reviewed. The observations with the DIFOS multi-channel photometer in a broad spectral range from 350 to 1500 nm have revealed the dependence of the relative amplitudes of p-modes of the global solar oscillations on the wavelength that agrees perfectly well with the earlier data obtained in a narrower spectral ranges. The SPIRIT EUV observations have enabled the study of various manifestations of solar activity and high-temperature events on the Sun. The data from the X-ray spectrometer RESIK, gamma spectrometer HELICON, flare spectrometer IRIS, amplitude–temporal spectrometer AVS-F, and X-ray spectrometer RPS-1 have been used to analyze the X- and gamma-ray emission from solar flares and for diagnostics of the flaring plasma. The absolute and relative content of various elements (such as potassium, argon, and sulfur) of solar plasma in flares has been determined for the first time with the X-ray spectrometer RESIK. The Solar Cosmic Ray Complex monitored the solar flare effects in the Earth’s environment. The UV emission variations recorded during solar flares in the vicinity of the 120-nm wavelength have been analyzed and the amplitude of relative variations has been determined.     

小行星与陨石的光谱联系

Bus-DeMeo光谱分类系统中有24种小行星光谱类型以及约27种陨石矿物学类型。小行星和陨石之间的光谱联系在质量和可靠性上差异很大原因主要是某些矿物学中缺乏诊断特征和空间风化作用。将回顾从可见光和近红外光谱中远程获取的小行星矿物学信息,讨论如何从地质学家的角度理解小行星的光谱辨识。     

数字通信系统信噪比参数的测量方法比较CSCD

针对数字通信系统中常见的信噪比参数E b/N0,本文从功率测量、功率谱密度测量及矢量分析三个角度出发,分别给出了该参数的测量原理与方法,并通过具体测量实验比较了三种测量方法的各优缺点,对于该参数的实际工程测量具有一定指导意义。     

Attempt to identify a source mechanism of Mercury’s sodium exosphere by a spectrometer using Fabry–Perot etalon

The Mercury’s Sodium Atmosphere Spectral Imager (MSASI) on BepiColombo (BC) will address a range of fundamental scientific questions pertaining to Mercury’s exosphere. The measurements will provide new information on regolith–exosphere–magnetosphere coupling as well as new understanding of the dynamics governing the exosphere bounded by the planetary surface, the solar wind and interplanetary space. MSASI is a high-dispersion visible spectrometer working in the spectral range around sodium D2 emission (589 nm). A tandem Fabry–Perot etalon is used to achieve a compact design. We presents a design of the spectral analyzer using Fabry–Perot interferometer. We conclude that: (1) The MSASI optical design is practical and can be implemented without new or critical technology developments; (2) The thermally-tuned etalon design is based on concepts, designs and materials that have good space heritage.     

Total solar and spectral irradiance variations from solar cycles 21 to 23

Total solar and UV irradiances have been measured from various space platforms for more than two decades. More recently, observations of the “Variability of solar IRradiance and Gravity Oscillations” (VIRGO) experiment on SOHO provided information about spectral irradiance variations in the near-UV at 402 nm, visible at 500 nm, and near-IR at 862 nm. Analyses based on these space-borne irradiance measurements have convinced the skeptics that solar irradiance at various wavelengths and in the entire spectrum is changing with the waxing and waning solar activity. The main goal of this paper is to review the short- and long-term variations in total solar and spectral irradiances and their relation to the evolution of magnetic fields from solar cycles 21 to 23.     

Techniques for the selection of spectral intervals for multispectral survey of the earth's resources from space

A solution has been proposed for the problem of optimal selection of spectral intervals for multispectral survey of the Earth's resources from space. The problem of planning multipurpose experiments on remote sensing of environment and natural resources has been considered.     

Radiation budget and cloud properties from METEOSAT observations

Studies of the Earth's radiation budget from polar orbiting satellite systems, such as the forthcoming NASA Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, suffer from errors due to a poor temporal sampling of the diurnal variations in the radiation field. A knowledge of the causes and magnitudes of such variations is of importance in minimising these errors. This paper presents data on daily mean radiation budget parameters, together with their variation over the daylight hours, relating them to physical processes within the earth/atmosphere system. The most significant cause of variability is shown to be persistent high level cloud. The relative magnitude of cloud induced variability in the visible and infrared spectral regions is derived.