"牧羊人"魂归何处?

撞月地点位于月球南极卡比厄斯月坑的永久阴影区，科学家认为在月坑永久阴影区有可能存在水冰。水冰可能来自撞击月球的彗星。月球南极的卡比厄斯月坑大约位于南纬85度、东经310度。     

极区月壤和水冰形成演化机制及物理特性研究

月球极区独特的光照条件和表面环境特征是水富集和保存的理想场所,探测永久阴影区内的水冰对科学研究和开发利用月球资源具有重要的意义.综合调研了国际上在月球极区开展的理论研究和遥感探测成果,阐述了极区地质、表面光照条件和热环境特征.介绍了极区月壤和水的形成演化机制及水冰可能的赋存状态.系统梳理了国际上关于极区水冰的探测历程和...     

可持续性月球水资源提取利用设计与分析

月球极区水冰资源开发利用是月球基地建设和可持续性运行的重要支撑技术之一。在对月球南极永久阴影区的工作地点进行选址的基础上，调研了国内外月球极区水冰资源开发利用计划、实施方案和发展趋势。提出了一种可持续性月球极区含冰月壤水资源提取利用方案，由移动式基地载具、原位钻取机器人和可移动式反射镜组三部分组成，具有灵活布置以持续性开采阴影坑内水冰资源的能力。对所设计方案的物质流和能量流进行了计算建模，并进行了程序化分析。计算结果表明，通过提升太阳能传递效率、光电转换效率、热提取加热效率和水电解效率，初始水冰质量含量高于5.0%,可以显著减少系统任务的总能耗。方案设计与分析结果可为中国月球基地任务提供参考。     

“月球坑观测与感知卫星”将撞击月球

2009年6月,“月球坑观测与感知卫星”（LCROSS）将作为次要载荷与“月球勘测轨道器”（LRO）同时发射升空。1概述LRO与LCROSS是美国航空航天局（NASA）多项无人月球探测计划的第1项任务,主要目的是：研究、测绘和了解月球表面的情况,探测未来的潜在月球着陆点;勘察月球极地永久阴影区的水资源,验证“克莱门汀”（Clementine）和“月球勘探者”（LunarProspector）探测器对月球水冰的探测结果,为航天员重返月球作准备。     

月球水冰资源综合开发技术研究概况

水冰作为月球的重要资源，是未来月球科研站以及月球基地建设和运行的基本保障，开展月球水冰资源综合开发技术研究是目前各航天大国的关注热点之一。本文调研了有关月球水冰的探测和研究成果，阐述了月球水冰的赋存状态与分布特征，详细分析了月球水冰资源在开采提取、分离纯化、储存运输和分解利用等环节的技术方案，并简要评述了各个方案的优缺点。结合中国未来国际月球科研站的建设规划与美国以建立月球基地为目标的阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）计划，评价分析了适宜开展月球水冰资源综合开发的地区和可行的技术方案，为中国在月球两极地区的水冰资源开发利用方案提供参考。     

月球两极存在大量冰态水

月球两极存在大量冰态水□□美国航宇局艾姆斯研究中心３月５日宣布说，根据迄今“月球勘探者”太空探测器对月球的初步探测，已有充分的证据表明，月球两极地区表层下面存在大量零散的冰块，且北极蕴藏的冰块数量约为南极的两倍。月球上有无可利用的大面积水资源对于未来...     

月球上有多少水

早在20世纪60年代初，科学家就注意到在月球两极永久背阴的陨石坑中，可能存在着水冰，那是由彗星撞击带来的。     

一片冰心在玉壶“月球勘探者”证实月球存在水冰

一片冰心在玉壶“月球勘探者”证实月球存在水冰□□１９９８年３月５日，美国航宇局的刘易斯研究中心，向新闻界公布了“月球勘探者”探测器获得的第一批月球探测结果，证实了月球上确实存在水冰，并初步测算出月面上水的总储量可能在１１×１０６ｔ～３．３×１０８ｔ之...     

以太阳风为源水分子在月球空间环境中的分布特征

近年来,越来越多的观测结果均显示月球上存在水.本文通过运用Monte-Carlo方法及基于能量守恒的有心力场中粒子轨道算法对水分子在近月表的输运过程进行建模,得到了水分子在近月表分布随时间演化的图像.模拟结果显示,分布在高纬地区的水分子较同经度的中低纬地区要多,这与目前探测得到的结论是一致的.同时,对最终进入永久阴影区的水分子的百分比进行了统计,在光解离常数为6.4×104s的情况下,有大约4.12%的水分子会被永久阴影区存储下来,这个比例与前人估算结果相吻合.      

月球永久阴影区着陆点选取要求的高分辨率极化SAR数据分析

月球两极永久阴影区(Permanently Shadowed Regions,PSR)全年没有直接光照,搜寻PSR内的月球水冰是"嫦娥七号"的主要任务之一.人类至今没有在PSR着陆,中国的"嫦娥七号"任务计划在PSR附近的太阳直射区域登陆,着陆器上携带的飞跃器将进入PSR进行采样与分析.如何选择登月点和取样点是该项任务...     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

The postmitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae after spaceflight showed higher viability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been proposed as an ideal model organism for clarifying the biological effects caused by spaceflight conditions. The postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells onboard Practice eight recoverable satellite were subjected to spaceflight for 15 days. After recovery, the viability, the glycogen content, the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, the DNA content and the lipid peroxidation level in yeast cells were analyzed. The viability of the postmitotic yeast cells after spaceflight showed a three-fold increase as compared with that of the ground control cells. Compared to the ground control cells, the lipid peroxidation level in the spaceflight yeast cells markedly decreased. The spaceflight yeast cells also showed an increase in G2/M cell population and a decrease in Sub-G1 cell population. The glycogen content and the activities of hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the yeast cells after spaceflight. In contrast, the activity of malate dehydrogenase showed an obvious increase after spaceflight. These results suggested that microgravity or spaceflight could promote the survival of postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells through regulating carbohydrate metabolism, ROS level and cell cycle progression.     

基于等效动力学原理的垂向失重运动实现方法

针对航天器高精度地面微重力仿真试验实现难题,提出了一种基于等效动力学原理的垂向失重运动实现方法。通过对该实现方法的原理分析,指出了该方法实现高精度垂向失重运动模拟的等效动力学条件及其适用条件,并分析了基于该实现方法的模拟器构型要求。对模拟误差精度进行仿真分析,结果显示其失重运动模拟精度可达99%,满足高精度微重力仿真试验的要求。