GEO卫星基于电推进系统的倾角与偏心率联合控制方法

针对配置电推力器的GEO卫星位置保持问题,提出一种对倾角与偏心率进行联合控制的方法,建立了求解控制方程的优化模型,并针对优化模型变量多、约束复杂的问题进行降维处理,得到两种简化的求解方法,降低了求解复杂度与计算量,适合星上自主计算。采用联合控制方法,仅靠电推力器就能够同时实现卫星倾角和偏心率的高精度控制,有效降低卫星位置保持总的推进剂消耗。仿真算例表明,与电推力器只控倾角的传统方法相比,在保证偏心率控制精度不变的前提下,采用电推力器倾角与偏心率联合控制方法,15年寿命期内节省推进剂质量39kg。     

两种J_2摄动模型下卫星编队相对位置误差分析

为了研究一个轨道周期内卫星和卫星编队的运动规律,在J2摄动理论基础之上,采用摄动加速度分析方法,给出了J2瞬时摄动模型。以近地太阳同步轨道卫星和双星编队为例,与只考虑J2一阶长期项的平均摄动模型比较,仿真分析结果表明,对卫星而言,一个轨道周期内,卫星半长轴相对平均半长轴漂移达到18km,偏心率相对平均偏心率漂移达到10-3量级,轨道倾角相对平均轨道倾角漂移达到0.01°,即由于J2瞬时摄动的影响,卫星运动发生了摄动;对双星编队而言,一个轨道周期内,两星相对位置的径向误差达到5km,沿迹向误差达到19km,法向误差相对较小,在10-2量级上,相对距离的误差达到了19km,随着时间的推移,误差会越来越大。     

用于识别双星故障的RAIM算法

由于传统的基于识别门限的卫星故障识别算法存在漏检和误警致使识别率较低,为此提出一种可用于识别双星故障的接收机自主完好性监测算法.该算法通过构造新的奇偶矢量与故障特征平面,利用奇偶矢量与故障特征平面之间的几何关系来识别卫星故障,使得算法不再受限于识别门限的影响,从而有效地避免了由于识别门限引起的识别效率较低的问题.计算机仿真结果表明:改进后的算法与传统的基于识别门限的算法相比,双星故障正确识别的性能有显著的提高,正确识别率可达到90%.同时,与基于门限识别的重构最优奇偶矢量法相比,计算量可减少约61.2%以上.     

一种帆板驱动机构用永磁同步电机微步控制方法

根据磁场定向矢量控制原理,提出一种永磁同步电机微步驱动控制策略.通过保持定子电流矢量幅值不变并均匀改变定子电流矢量的位置,获得大小不变位置均匀变化的定子磁势,从而实现太阳帆板的对日定向.试验结果表明采用所提出的微步驱动控制方法实现了太阳帆板模拟负载的驱动性能,并得出设计过程中应综合考虑整机效率和帆板驱动速度稳定度因素来选取转矩电流给定的结论,也进一步证明了控制方法的有效性,可用于工程实际.     

横向连续推力小偏心率人工冻结轨道设计

非临界倾角自然冻结轨道要求近地点幅角为90°, 偏心率在1× 10-3量级, 并且偏心率与轨道倾角和半长轴有特定的对应关系, 苛刻的要求极大地限制了轨道根数选择的多样性. 研究表明, 施加常幅值、方向半轨道周期切换的横向连续小推力可以形成任意轨道根数的小偏心率人工冻结轨道, 放宽自然冻结轨道对轨道根数的严苛限制. 维持小偏心率人工冻结轨道的横向连续推力a_T与半长轴的平方根成正比, 与偏心率大小成反比; 在临界倾角i_c附近, 推力a_T与倾角偏置量Δi近似呈正比, 且长期维持的燃料消耗较小. 此外, 在进行仿真计算时还需考虑拟平均轨道根数与瞬时轨道根数的转换.      

太阳同步冻结轨道星座保持与捕获

太阳同步冻结轨道卫星在经过同一星下点时光照特性和轨道高度相同，便于载荷观测及定标.由多颗太阳同步冻结轨道卫星组成的星座，需要实现星座成员轨道倾角、轨道高度、偏心率矢量和相对轨道幅角的同时保持.提出了基于切向单脉冲的最低燃耗轨道面内保持策略，证明了该策略的稳定性和燃料最优性， 给出了太阳同步轨道地方时保持简单算法.仿真证明，基于本策略的星座成员能跟踪并捕获目标轨道.面内保持策略还可用于低轨卫星编队低燃耗控制.     

交流直线电机矢量变换控制软换向方法及实现

分析了磁场定向矢量控制原理,研究了将其应用于交流永磁直线电机的方法与实现途径,建立了基于PC和专用AD/DA板的交流永磁直线电机控制实验系统,采用C语言开发了磁场定向矢量控制程序,由初始化程序得到矢量控制所需的初始化参数,实时中断程序对控制电流进行矢量变换,进而实现对交流永磁直线电机驱动的工作台进行运动控制.通过对初始化阶段电机动子位置、恒定控制电流下A相电流以及电机位置、速度控制的实验数据分析,验证了所研究的基于磁场定向的交流直线电机矢量变换控制方法的有效性.      

用于识别两颗故障卫星的RAIM算法

提出了一种可以识别两颗故障卫星的接收机自主完好性监测算法.将最优奇偶矢量法应用于两颗故障卫星识别,指出由于故障偏差可能会抵消而使得正确识别率较低.对最优奇偶矢量法进行了改进,利用对单颗卫星故障敏感的最优奇偶矢量对所有可能的两颗故障卫星组合分别构造两个新的奇偶矢量,用于两颗故障卫星的检测和识别.计算机仿真结果显示,改进后的算法与直接利用最优奇偶矢量法相比,可以显著提高两颗故障卫星正确识别率,识别率可超过90%.同时,改进算法的奇偶矢量构造方法简单,计算量将减少90%以上,更有利于工程实现.      

一种改进的基于双矢量观测的姿态确定算法

为了提高飞行器姿态确定的精度和姿态矩阵的解算速度,提出了一种改进的双矢量定姿算法.这种算法利用测量系统的方差对两个观测矢量进行加权处理,求得一个新的矢量,以两观测矢量夹角为判断依据选取加权系数;以新矢量为基准矢量,利用双矢量定姿算法求解姿态矩阵,并对求得的姿态矩阵进行修正.仿真结果表明:这种算法所需时间为优化算法的50%,当两个传感器测量误差不同、两矢量为任意夹角时,这种算法比优化的双矢量算法精度高;当两个传感器测量误差相同时,除了两矢量夹角为90°外,这种算法均比优化的双矢量算法精度高.     

矢量信号调制质量分析方法研究与实现

采用矢量信号分析技术通过分析已调信号的特性,能够快速发现引起信号失真的原因,定位系统设计中的错误,该技术在信号分析仪器、数字通信等领域应用广泛。本文在深入研究矢量分析技术的基础上,建立了矢量信号分析模型,并对矢量信号分析中对结果影响较大的最佳判决未知和幅相补偿模块进行了详细分析。利用软件实现了矢量信号调制质量分析,能够快速的对EVM等指标进行计算,且易于嵌入其它系统和设备,使用方便。     

共享星位式静止轨道卫星群构形简析

共享星位式静止轨道卫星群（Ｃｏ－ｌｏｃａｔｅｄＧｅｏｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙＳａｔｅｌｉｔｅｓ）共占一个星位以完成对地通信任务。在这种共享星位的方式下每颗卫星间的位置差异很小,整个卫星群在经度和纬度方向上的允许偏差通常小于±０．１°。在这个范围内必须对卫星精确控制。经典的Ｃ－Ｗ方程形式简单,便于分析,但它的结果不能精确地反映卫星的相对运动,因而不宜用来研究共位式静止卫星群的几何构形及其控制。作者给出了一组修正的Ｃ－Ｗ方程以弥补其不足;并且根据卫星群偏心率与倾角综合的分离思想,讨论了两种策略,使得卫星群的构形可通过每个成员的轨道要素简单表出。适当调整每颗卫星的轨道要素可以保持卫星群的构形在空间不变,或者对地（近赤道观测站）不变。     

Recent Progress of Fengyun Meteorology Satellites

After nearly 50 years of development, Fengyun (FY) satellite ushered in its best moment. China has become one of the three countries or units in the world (China, USA, and EU) that maintain both polar orbit and geostationary orbit satellites operationally. Up to now, there are 17 Fengyun (FY) satellites that have been launched successfully since 1988. There are two FY polar orbital satellites and four FY geostationary orbit satellites operate in the space to provide a huge amount of the earth observation data to the user communities. The FY satellite data has been applied not only in the meteorological but also in agriculture, hydraulic engineering, environmental, education, scientific research and other fields. More recently, three meteorological satellites have been launched within the past two years. They are FY-4A on 11 December 2016, FY-3D on 15 November 2017 and FY-2H on 5 June 2018. This paper introduces the current status of FY meteorological satellites and data service. The updates of the latest three satellites have been addressed. The characteristics of their payloads on-boarding have been specified in details and the benefit fields have been anticipated separately.      

On prediction of re-entry time of an upper stage from GTO

The evolution of objects in geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is determined by a complex interplay of atmospheric drag and luni-solar gravity. These orbits are highly eccentric (eccentricity >0.7) and have large variations in velocity and perturbations during a revolution. The periodic changes in the perigee altitudes of these orbits are mainly due to the gravitational perturbations of the Sun and the Moon. The re-entry time of the objects in such orbits is sensitive to the initial conditions. The aim of this paper is to study the re-entry time of the cryogenic stage of the Indian geo-synchronous launch vehicle, GSLV-F04/CS, which has been decaying since 2 September 2007 from initial orbit with eccentricity equal to 0.706. Two parameters, initial eccentricity and ballistic coefficient, are chosen for optimal estimation. It is known that the errors are more in eccentricity for the observations based on two line elements (TLEs). These two parameters are computed with response surface method using a genetic algorithm for the selected eight different zones, based on rough linear variation of the mean apogee altitude during 200 days orbit evolution. The study shows that the GSLV-F04/CS will re-enter between 5 December 2010 and 7 January 2011. The methodology is also applied to study the re-entry of six decayed objects (cryogenic stages of GSLV and Molniya satellites). Good agreement is noticed between the actual and the predicted re-entry times. The absolute percentage error in re-entry prediction time for all the six objects is found to be less than 7%. The present methodology is being adopted at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to predict the re-entry time of GSLV-F04/CS.     

利用摆动地球敏感器两个探测器输出的姿态确定

摆动地球敏感器是地球同步通信卫星控制系统的重要部件。这种敏感器主要用于卫星的姿态测量,测量量作为控制系统的输入信号计算控制输出量。摆动地球敏感器有4个探测器,目前在轨卫星的基本使用方法均为至少使用3个探测器的测量信息进行姿态确定。本文给出了使用2个探测器测量确定卫星姿态的计算方法,并结合实际情况给出了使用策略。这种姿态确定方法大大拓宽了地球敏感器的使用范围,增加了地球敏感器的冗余性,延长了部件的使用寿命。     

基于剩余推进剂估算的卫星寿命预测方法

针对地球静止轨道卫星在轨寿命问题,提出了通过星上液体剩余推进剂计算分析卫星在轨寿命的方法,研究了工程中影响卫星在轨寿命的因素,给出了适用于工程的卫星寿命预测方法,并通过工程进行了验证.      

Collision probability and spacecraft disposition in the geostationary orbit

Since 1963 approximately 300 satellites have been launched into the geostationary orbit, followed possibly by another additional 200 satellites up to the year 2000. Ground surveillance with radar and optical sensors able to detect objects of 1 m minimum size in the geostationary ring indicates a total population of several hundred which includes active and defunct satellites and spent upper stages. In addition, a population of untrackable objects is conjectured, whose size can only be estimated, possibly several thousand of smaller objects.

The purpose of this paper is to review the long-term evolution of orbits in the geostationary ring and at higher altitude, the collision probabilities and disposition options.

The major perturbations are considered including attitude-orbit cross-coupling effects which could cause secular orbit perturbations.

Collision probabilities for current and projected populations are reviewed considering different approaches, such as a deterministic treatment of the uncontrolled population and a stochastic modeling for the controlled satellites. Also, colocation, that is sharing of the same longitude slot by several operational satellites, is a potential source for collision, if no preventive measures are taken.

As regards spacecraft disposition options, the conclusion is that reorbiting is currently the only practical measure to safeguard the geostationary orbit. In this recommended procedure the defunct satellites are inserted into a so-called graveyard orbit, located suffieciently high above the geostationary orbit.     

Instantaneous BeiDou–GPS attitude determination: A performance analysis

The advent of modernized and new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has enhanced the availability of satellite based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. Specifically, it increases redundancy and yields operational back-up or independence in case of failure or unavailability of one system. Among existing GNSS, the Chinese BeiDou system (BDS) is being developed and will consist of geostationary (GEO) satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites. In this contribution, a BeiDou–GPS robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous, unaided attitude determination.     

利用GPS对地球静止轨道卫星定轨的可行性

总结了几种利用 GPS对地球静止轨道卫星定轨的方法 ,并且对仅仅接收 GPS星发射的信号来定轨这种方法进行了计算论证。得出了 GPS星在一个计算周期 (2 4 h)内对于静止卫星的可利用性 ,比较了不同条件下的可利用性。通过对可利用性分析 ,提出了一种利用 GPS对静止卫星定轨的方法     

Meteorological satellites and cooperative programs

Satellite data are available to meteorological centers around the world in two forms: (1) real-time reception directly from the spacecraft to the users; (2) processed data via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Real-time data is broadcast by satellites operated by both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. From the NOAA series, Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) has been in wide use for 19 years. High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) has been available to users with more sophisticated receiving equipment for the past 10 years. The Meteor satellites have been broadcasting for over 10 years. From the geostationary satellites (GOES), specialized products are broadcast via weather facsimile (WEFAX), and for users with very sophisticated ground systems, real-time geostationary images are available. Derived data, i.e., vertical temperature soundings of the atmosphere, etc., are routinely available on the GTS. The characteristics, utility, current utilization and future developments of these services will be reviewed and discussed.     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.