具有初始热变形的转子系统振动响应分析

航空发动机热起动时的温度分布不均会使转子产生初始热变形,进而引起发动机振动过大,甚至导致起动失败。针对此问题,以航空发动机中的典型转子为对象,根据初始热变形对转子振动的影响建立相应的动力学方程,并通过模态坐标变换分析初始热变形对转子系统振动响应的影响。结果表明,初始热变形相当于对转子作用了附加激励,包括转轴初始弯曲激励、附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励,上述激励均与转速同步。其中,附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励大小与转速有关,对转子通过各阶临界转速的振动响应均有较大影响;转轴初始弯曲激励大小与转速无关,主要影响低阶临界转速的振动响应。      

200Nms单框架控制力矩陀螺研制

介绍天宫一号目标飞行器采用的单框架控制力矩陀螺的总体结构、技术指标和验证试验.该单框架控制力矩陀螺的角动量为200Nms,最大可输出力矩为20Nm,响应带宽为2Hz,其中2个控制力矩陀螺高速转子已经进行了25000h的寿命试验.天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制系统共采用了6个单框架控制力矩陀螺来输出姿态控制力矩,当1个或2个控制力矩陀螺失效时姿态控制系统仍能正常工作.     

磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺角动量包络分析

针对磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）空间应用问题,研究其多自由度角动量包络模型。依据MSCSG的机械结构,分析磁悬浮转子径向万向偏转特性,明晰MSCSG轴向一个自由度转子转速变化飞轮力矩和径向两自由度转子万向偏转陀螺力矩输出机理。基于洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）原理,分析径向偏转力矩与控制电流的线性关系,揭示MSCSG陀螺力矩高精度高带宽的优势。考虑转子径向偏角和轴向转速饱和问题,基于重构偏角和旋转矩阵构建MSCSG角动量包络模型。仿真分析了MSCSG径向偏转力矩高精度高带宽、轴向飞轮力矩高精度的特性。开展MSCSG偏转力矩高带宽性能测试,实验验证MSCSG能够输出大于100 Hz的径向偏转力矩。研究结果表明,MSCSG具有航天器高动态微振动抑制和高精度姿态控制的空间应用前景。      

非线性油膜力作用下转子弯扭耦合振动特性研究

建立了非线性油膜力作用下转子-轴承系统弯扭耦合振动的数学模型.采用Rugge-Kutta数值积分方法计算模拟了转子升速过程中弯曲振动和扭转振动的不平衡响应,得到了转子弯曲振动的三维谱图和分岔图.分析发现,转子的弯曲振动会发生倍周期和概周期等复杂的非线性动力学行为.通过与不考虑弯扭耦合作用的系统特性进行比较,指出在转子弯曲振动临界转速附近,弯扭耦合作用对转子弯曲振动特性影响最大.数值分析揭示了扭转振动随转速升高,振幅基本保持不变,频率减小,有助于更深入地认识转子-轴承系统的弯扭耦合振动特性.     

可变构型的控制力矩陀螺控制方法

针对固定构型的控制力矩陀螺群无法灵活改变其合成角动量包络以适应卫星不同工况的姿态机动需求问题，设计了一种可变构型的控制力矩陀螺群控制方法。建立了可变构型的控制力矩陀螺群的动力学模型；在考虑控制力矩陀螺群框架角速度、高速转子转速以及构型倾角变化速率等多变量下，设计了可变构型的控制力矩陀螺群的操纵律；分析了构型倾角固定和构型倾角可变情形下的控制力矩陀螺群合成角动量包络和奇异状态分布情况。采用可变构型的控制力矩陀螺群进行了卫星多工况姿态敏捷机动控制。数学仿真校验表明，可变构型的控制力矩陀螺控制方法能够实现金字塔构型下不同数目的控制力矩陀螺故障时的卫星三轴敏捷机动控制。     

用转子折合弯曲刚性考虑陀螺力矩影响的方法

提出用转子折合弯曲刚性考虑陀螺力矩影响的方法,用以进行转子临界转速及有关参数的计算。这一方法的特点是用转子的折合弯曲刚性将陀螺力矩的影响考虑进去,而认为转子并无陀螺力矩作用。因而可以利用不计陀螺力矩影响的一般公式来计算有陀螺力矩作用情况下的转子临界转速及与此有关的参数。应用这一方法推导公式非常简单,概念清楚易于了解。并使目前尚未见有方法计算的某些有关转子临界转速方面的参数可以计算并很简单。     

磁悬浮敏感陀螺动力学建模与关键误差源分析

基于转子动力学构建了针对一种新型双球形包络面转子磁悬浮敏感陀螺（MSSG）动力学模型,并对陀螺关键误差源进行了理论分析。描述了磁悬浮敏感陀螺的结构特点与角速率测量原理,并分别建立了磁悬浮转子所受电磁力与电磁力矩数学模型,分析了转子微小平移与偏转对转子力学状态的影响机理,利用ANSYS软件得出的有限元仿真结果与模型计算结果基本吻合。在此基础上,从理论上对转子非球形误差和洛伦兹力磁轴承误差2种主要误差源进行了初步分析,给出了干扰力矩解析表达式。计算表明:转子非球形和洛伦兹力磁轴承中磁场分布不均是导致测量误差产生的主要因素。模型的构建可为磁悬浮敏感陀螺的优化设计与分析提供有效理论依据。      

光滑时变约束转子动力特性分析

光滑时变约束是转静子碰摩所产生的一种力学效果，指静子与转子发生持续接触，静子对转子产生周期时变的约束作用，转子在该约束下的附加刚度曲线是一条光滑可导的函数。根据试验转子在光滑时变约束下的附加刚度曲线建立一种光滑时变约束模型，基于Hill行列式理论分析光滑时变约束转子的模态频率、稳定性及响应，为碰摩转子故障识别和稳定性分析提供一种分析途径。结果表明:光滑时变约束下转子具有频率耦合、多频、失稳特性。失稳转速区中，转子的幅值随时间逐渐增大，引起转子失稳的频率成分即为转子模态分析中特征值实部大于0的频率成分；非失稳转速区中，转子的频率成分主要为转速频率和波动频率构成的频率组合。      

动力调谐陀螺安装倾斜角引起的误差分析

在动力调谐陀螺的装配过程中陀螺和平衡环的中心轴总是不可能完全与驱动轴轴线重合,因此存在一定的安装倾斜角.通过对转子和平衡环的受力分析及陀螺的运动状态分析,并利用理论力学知识,建立了在考虑陀螺与平衡环安装倾斜角和陀螺壳体具有加速度和角速度条件下的运动方程,得到了安装倾斜角造成的干扰力矩表达式,并进行了讨论.分析结果表明:陀螺及平衡环的安装倾斜角对动力调谐陀螺的调谐条件有影响,此干扰力矩与壳体的运动状态无关而与力矩器对转子的作用力有关.因此,在装配中应尽量做到陀螺、平衡环及驱动轴的轴线重合,以便减小对动力调谐陀螺的调谐条件的影响.      

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。